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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carbs have __kcals/gm. Carbs are _______ (mono and disaccharides) and _______ (starches and glycogen). _____ means big, not complicated.
What breaks starches into disaccardies? What enzymes in the small bowel break maltose into monosac? What enzyme breaks lactose into ______ and glucose? |
4/kcals/gm. Simple, complex
amylase. maltase. lactase. galactose. |
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Lipids have ___kcal/gm. kcal=C
Recommendations: ____% or cal from fat, and no more than __% of what type of fat? What breaks fats down? What carries them across cell membrane? Which is solid at room temp and which is liquid? unsat. or saturated fats? |
9 C. 30% of cal from fat. No more than 10% from Sat. Fat.
Lipase. lacteals. Saturated-solid, unsat-liquid. |
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Trans Fat is not really found in nature. Plants and animals make ___fats. Trans fats have longer ___-___ and are ____ to work with re: machines. Daily recommended allowance of trans fats?
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Cis not trans.
self-life. easier. 0% daily allowance |
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___Fat, ____fat, and dietary ________ raises __DL (____ density lipoproteins). The higher this level is the _____the risk for heart disease. Recommended levels for __DL is ____, but really 140-150 is good.
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Sat., trans fats, dietary cholesterol. LDL (bad). high LDL=high risk, 200.
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Cholesterol comes from 2 sources name them.
Is cholesterol always harmful? |
1-You eat it: from animal products only
2. You make it-in the liver. Chol only harmful in excess. Some is needed to make hormones and steroids in the body. |
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dietary cholosterol comes from only one source, name it. Fats however can come from many sources. Peanut Butter is high in ___ and ___ but not in ___.
Certain dietary substance: ____ fats and ____ fats stimulate the liver to make more cholesterol. |
Animal products. PB: high in cal, and fat, but not chol.
Saturated fats, trans fats. |
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Proteins have ___Cal/gm. describe difference between complete protein and complementary (or incomplete) protein. And if the diet is missing even 1 of the essential AA ________ can not be made. Only plant to have complete is ___
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4C/gm. A complete protein as ALL the Amino Acids we need. A complementary or incomplete has only some of the AA.
Proteins. Soy |
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What are the essential fats we need but can't make? Omega ___ Fatty acids and Omega ___ fatty acid.
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Omega 3, 6
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Fats are [more or less] dense than proteins?
So the more fats the ___ dense the lipoprotein is. Most fat/least protein is the _______. Low density=high fat. So the highest fat is __DL and lowest fat is ___DL. |
less, less.
Chylomicrons. LDL, HDL |
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VLDL -very low density lipoproteins are made in the ______. Function: to transport synthesized fat to ____ -____. (stored as what?) What are they synthesized from? (think about it: what happens when the body takes in excess energy, what does it do with it?)
So excess ____ is converted by ____ to ___and transported by ____ and taken to _____. |
liver, fat cells. triglycerides. Excess carbs. stores excess energy (carbs) as fat.
carbs, converted to fat by liver, transported to fat cells via VLDL. |
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When the VLDL gets to the fat cells they take out the ___________, the remaining package is the ___. This package or baggie is full with _____. It is taking the _______ to the liver (which uses this to make bile) and other parts of the body but has some left over. Too much of this can leave _____ on the blood vessels causing blockage.
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triglycerides. LDL full with chol. being taken to liver and other body parts. Excess can deposit on blood vessels.
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HDL is also made by the liver. Think of this as an ____ bag that goes out to ____-__ chol. and take it to the liver. HDL is the [good/bad] kind. It can be increased by ________.
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empty, pick-up. good, exercise.
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Vitamins are _______ nutrients. They are _________ in small amounts for normal metabolic processes.
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essential, required.
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Calorie is the amount of ______ needed to raise 1 gm (1000mg) of water __degree C. Amount of Cal needed varies per ____, age and ______-_____.
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energy, 1 degree.
gender, age, activity level |
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Fat Soluble vitamins (CAKED). give their purpose and deficiency.
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C-make collagen, scurvy
A-vision, nite blindness K-clotting, bleeding E-cell membranes, anemia D-Ca metabolism, rickets. |
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BMI
norm overweight obese |
Norm: 18-25
overwt: >25 obese: >30 |
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BMI >30 is increased risk for: name some.
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prem. death, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, infertility, Asthma, Cancer, arthritis, gall stones. cataracts.
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Anorexia mortality rate: same as Russian Roulette.
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1 in 6
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Kwashiorkor is _______ starvation.
Marasmus is ________ starvation. Ascities is the _____-_____. |
protein, calorie
swollen belly. |