Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Any metallic material (including welding filler materials) that contains alloying elements, such as chromium, nickel, or molybdenum, which are intentionally added to enhance mechanical or physical properties and/or erosion resistance. Alloys maybe ferrous or non-ferrous based. NOTE: carbon steels are not considered one for purposes of this code |
Alloy material |
|
|
A physical change in any component that has design implications affecting the pressure containing capability or flexibility of a piping system beyond the scope of its original design. The following are not considered alterations: comparable or duplicate replacements and the addition of small – bore attachments that do not require reinforcement or additional support. |
Alteration |
|
|
The code, code section, or other recognized and generally accepted engineering standard or practice to which the piping system was built or which is deemed by the owner or user or the piping engineer to be most appropriate for the situation, including but not limited to the latest addition of ASME B31.3. |
Applicable code |
|
|
Approval/agreement to perform a specific activity (e.g., repair) prior to the activity being performed. |
Authorization |
|
|
Defined as any of the following: A.) The inspection organization of the jurisdiction in which the piping system is used B.) The inspection organization of an insurance company that is licensed or registered to write insurance for piping systems C.) an owner or user of piping systems who maintains an inspection organization for activities relating only to his equipment and not for piping systems intended for sale or resale D.) an independent inspection organization employed by or under contract to the owner or user of piping systems that are used only by the owner or user and not for sale or resale E.) an independent inspection organization licensed or recognize by the jurisdiction which the piping system is used and employed by or under contract to the owner or user |
Authorized inspection agency |
|
|
And employee of an authorized inspection agency who is qualified and certified to perform the function specified in API 570. An NDE examiner is not required to be an authorized piping inspector. Whenever the term inspector is used in API 570, it refers to an authorized piping inspector. |
Authorized piping inspector |
|
|
Instrument and machinery piping, typically small bore secondary process piping that can be isolated from primary piping systems. Examples include flush lines, seal oil lines, analyzer lines, balance lines, buffer gas lines, drains, and vents. |
Auxiliary piping |
|
|
Designated areas on piping systems where periodic examinations are conducted. NOTE previously, CMLs were referred to as “ thickness monitoring locations” (TMLs). CMLs May contain one or more examination points. CMLs can be a plane through a section of piping or a nozzle or an area where CMLs are located on a piping circuit |
CMLs |
|
|
The code or standard to which the piping system was originally built (I.e., ASME B31.3). |
Construction code |
|
|
The corrosion allowance in FRP equipment typically composed of an inner surface and an interior layer which is specified as necessary to provide the best overall resistance to chemical attack |
Corrosion barrier |
|
|
The rate of metal loss due to erosion, erosion/corrosion or the chemical reactions with the environment, either internal and/or external |
Corrosion rate |
|
|
A person acceptable to the owner/user who is knowledgeable and experienced in the specific process chemistries, corrosion degradation mechanisms, materials selection, corrosion mitigation methods, corrosion monitoring techniques, and their impact on piping systems |
Corrosion specialist |
|
|
Check valves and piping systems that have been identified as vital to process safety |
Critical check valves |
|
|
Any type of deterioration encountered in the refining and chemical process industry that can result in flaws/defects that can affect the integrity of piping (e.g., corrosion, cracking, erosion, dents, and other mechanical, physical or chemical impacts). |
Damage mechanism |
|
|
Components of a piping system that normally have no significant flow. Some examples include blanked branches, lines with normally closed block valves, lines with one end blanked, pressurized dummy support legs, stagnant control valve bypass piping, spare pump piping, level bridles, relief valve inlet and outlet header piping, pump trimbypass lines, High Point Vents, sample points, drains, bleeders, and instrument connections. |
Deadlegs |
|
|
And imperfection of a type of magnitude exceeding the acceptable criteria |
Defect |
|
|
The pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected during service |
Design pressure |
|
|
The temperature at which, under the coincident pressure, the greatest thickness or highest component rating is required. It is the same as the design temperature defined in ASME B31.3 and other code sections and is subject to the same rules relating to allowances for variations of pressure or temperature or both. |
Design temperature of a piping system component |
|
|
An area within a CML defined by a circle having a diameter not greater than 2 inches (50mm) for a pipe diameter not exceeding 10 inches (250mm), or not greater than 3 inches (75mm) for larger lines and vessels. CMLs May contain multiple test points. NOTE: test point is a term no longer in use as test refers to mechanical or physical tests (e.g., tensile tests or pressure tests). |
• examination point • Recording point • measurement point • Test point |
|
|
Quality control functions performed by examiners (e.g., NDEs). |
Examinations |
|
|
A person who assists the inspector by performing specific NDE on piping system components but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 570, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner or user. |
Examiner |
|
|
A visual inspection performed from the outside of the piping system to find conditions that could impact the piping systems ability to maintain pressure integrity or conditions that compromise the integrity of the coating and insulation covering, and supporting structures and attachments (e.g., stanchions, pipe supports, ladders, platforms, shoes, hangers, instrument, and small branch connections). |
External inspection |
|
|
A methodology whereby flaws and other deterioration/damage contained within piping systems are assessed in order to determine the structural integrity of the piping for continued service |
Fitness – for – service evaluation |
|
|
Piping component usually associated with a change in direction or diameter. Flanges are not considered to be these |
Fitting |
|
|
Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of the piping, as opposed to being localized in nature |
Flammable materials |
|
|
A person acceptable to the owner/user who is knowledgeable and experienced in FRPs concerning the process chemistries, degradation mechanisms, material selection, failure mechanisms, fabrication methods and their impact on piping systems. |
FRP specialist |
|
|
Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of the piping, as opposed to being localized in nature. |
General corrosion |
|
|
A point in the repair or alteration process beyond which work may not proceed until the required inspection has been performed and documented |
Hold point |
|
|
Flaws or other discontinuities noted during inspection that may be subject to acceptance criteria during an engineering inspection analysis |
Imperfections |
|
|
A response or evidence resulting from the application of a nondestructive evaluation technique |
Indication |
|
|
Locations where chemicals or process additive or introduced into a process stream. Corrosion inhibitors, neutralizers, process antifoulants, desalter demulsifiers, oxygen scavengers, caustic, and water washes are most often recognized as requiring special attention in designing the point of injection. Process additives, chemicals in water or injected into process streams in order to achieve specific process objectives. NOTE: not included are locations where to process streams join (mix points). EXAMPLE: chlorinating agents in reformers, water injection in overhead systems, polysulfide injection in catalytic cracking wet gas, anti-foam injections, inhibitors, and neutralizers. |
Injection point |
|
|
Piping systems placed in operation (installed). Does not include piping systems that are still under construction or in transport to the site prior to being placed in service or piping systems that have been retired. Does include piping systems that are not currently in operation due to an outage of the process, turnaround, or other maintenance activity. Also includes installed spare piping |
In-service |
|
|
All inspection activities associated with piping after it has been initially placed in service, but before it has been retired |
In-service inspection |
|
|
The external, internal, or onstream evaluation (or any combination of the three) piping condition conducted by the authorized inspector or his/her designee. NOTE: NDE May be conducted by examiners at the discretion of the authorized piping inspector and become part of the inspection process, but the authorized piping inspector shall review and approve the results |
Inspection |
|
|
Established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the piping system |
Inspection plan |
|
|
An authorized piping inspector |
Inspector |
|
|
Established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the piping system if the process operation deviates from the established limits for a predetermined amount of time |
Integrity operating envelope |
|
|
An inspection performed of the inside of a piping system using visual and/or NDE techniques |
Internal inspection |
|
|
A legally constituted government administration that may adopt rules relating to piping systems |
Jurisdiction |
|
|
A level gauge glass piping assembly attached to a vessel |
Level bridle |
|
|
Deterioration, e.g., Corrosion that is confined to a limited area of the metal surface |
Localized corrosion |
|
|
A safety procedure used to ensure that piping is properly isolated and cannot be energized or put back in service prior to the completion of inspection, maintenance or servicing work |
Lockout/tagout |
|
|
Welding repairs that involve removal and replacement of large sections of piping systems |
Major repairs |
|
|
A documented management system for review and approval of changes in process or piping systems prior to implementation of the change |
Management of change |
|
|
•A documented quality assurance procedure used to assess metallic alloy materials (including weldments and attachments where specified) to verify conformance with the selected or specified alloy material designated by the owner/user. •NOTE: this program may include a description of methods for alloy material testing, physical component marking, and program record keeping |
Material verification program |
|
|
The maximum internal pressure permitted in the piping system for continued operation at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected during service. It is the same as the design pressure, as defined as ASME B31.3 and other code sections, and is subject to the same rules relating to allowances for variations of pressure or temperature or both. |
MAWP-maximum allowable working pressure |
|
|
The lowest temperature at which a significant pressure load (e.g., operating load, start-up loads, transient loads, etc.), Can be applied to piping systems as defined in the applicable construction code |
MDMT – minimum design metal temperature |
|
|
The thickness without corrosion allowance for each component of a piping system based on the appropriate design code calculations and code allowable stress that consider pressure, mechanical and structural loadings. |
Minimum required thickness |
|
|
Points of joining of process streams of different composition and/or temperature where additional design attention, operating limits, and/or process monitoring are utilized to avoid corrosion problems. Not all are problematic, however they need to be identified and evaluated for possible degradation mechanisms |
Mix points |
|
|
An item that is not in accordance with specified codes, standards or other requirements |
Non-conformance |
|
|
Components and attachments of, or the portion of piping that does not contain the process pressure |
Non-pressure boundary |
|
|
Process piping that is supported by consecutive stanchions or sleepers (including straddle racks and extensions). |
Piperack piping |
|
|
A section of piping that is exposed to a process environment of similar corrosivity or expected damage mechanisms and is of similar design conditions and construction material |
Piping circuit |
|
|
One or more persons or organizations acceptable to the owner or user who are knowledgeable and experienced in the engineering disciplines associated with elevating mechanical and material characteristics affecting the integrity and reliability of pipeing components and systems. The piping engineer, by consulting with appropriate specialists, should be regarded as a composite of all entities necessary to properly address a technical requirement |
Piping engineer |
|
|
An assembly of interconnected piping circuits that are subject to the same set or sets of design conditions and is used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fluid flows |
Piping system |
|
|
• Any physical evaluation or test of a material to confirm that the material, which has been or will be placed into service, is consistent with the selected or specified alloy material designated by the owner/user • NOTE: these evaluations or test can provide qualitative or quantitative information that is sufficient to verify the nominal alloy composition |
PMI-positive material identification |
|
|
Treatment which consists of heating an entire weldment or piece of fabricated piping to an elevated temperature after completion of welding in order to relieve the detrimental effects of welding heat, such as reduce residual stresses, reduce hardness, and/or slightly modify properties. See ASME B31.3 paragraph 331 |
PWHT – postweld heat treatment |
|
|
The portion of the piping that contains the pressure retaining piping elements joined or assembled into pressure tight fluid – containing systems. Components include pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves, and other devices such as expansion joints and flexible joints |
Pressure boundary |
|
|
Minimum allowed pipe wall thickness needed to hold design pressure at the design temperature |
Pressure design thickness |
|
|
Process piping in normal, active service that cannot be valved off or, if it were valved off, would significantly affect unit operability. Primary process piping normally includes most process piping greater than NPS 2, and typically does not include small bore or auxiliary process piping (see also secondary process piping). |
Primary process piping |
|
|
A document that specifies or describes how an activity is to be performed on a piping system |
Procedures |
|
|
Piping systems not included within the plot boundary limits of a process unit, such as, a hydrocracker, an ethylene cracker or a crude unit. |
Off-site piping |
|
|
Hydrocarbon or chemical piping located at, or associated with a refinery or manufacturing facility. Process piping includes pipe rack, tank farm, and process unit piping, but excludes utility piping |
Process piping |
|
|
All planned, systematic, and preventative actions required to determine if materials, equipment, or services will meet specified requirements so that the piping will perform satisfactorily in service |
Quality assurance |
|
|
Those physical activities that are conducted to check conformance with specifications in accordance with the quality assurance plan |
Quality control |
|
|
Activity that discards an existing component, fitting, or portion of a piping circuit and replaces it with new or existing spare materials of the same or better qualities as the original piping components |
Renewal |
|
|
The work necessary to restore a piping system to a condition suitable for safe operation at the design conditions. If any of the restorative changes result in a change of design temperature or pressure, the requirements for re-rating also shall be satisfied. Any welding, cutting, or grinding operation on a pressure – containing piping component not specifically considered an alteration is considered a repair |
Repair |
|
|
Any of the following: A) An owner or user of piping systems who repairs or alters his or her own equipment in accordance with API 570 B) A contractor whose qualifications are acceptable to the owner or user of piping systems and who makes repairs or alterations in accordance with API 570 C) One who is authorized by, acceptable to, or otherwise not prohibited by the jurisdiction and who makes repairs in accordance with API 570 |
Repair organization |
|
|
Calculations to establish pressures and temperatures appropriate for a piping system, including design pressure/temperature, MAWP structural minimums, required thicknesses, etc. |
Rating |
|
|
A change in the design temperature, design pressure or the MAWP of a piping system which may consist of an increase, a decrease, or a combination of both |
Re-rating |
|
|
A risk assessment and risk management process that is focused on inspection planning for piping systems for loss of containment in processing facilities, which considers both the probability of failure and consequence of failure due to material deterioration |
RBI-risk-based inspection |
|
|
Inspection technique used to find the thinnest thickness measurement at a CML. See guidance contained in API 574 |
Scanning |
|
|
Piping systems included within the plot limits of process units, such as, a hydrocracker, an etheline cracker, or a crude unit |
On-site piping |
|
|
A condition where in-service piping systems have not been prepared for an internal inspection |
On-stream |
|
|
An inspection performed from the outside of piping systems while they are on-stream using NDE procedures to establish the suitability of the pressure boundary for continued operation |
On-stream inspection |
|
|
Piping inspections for in-service equipment that have not been performed by their due dates documented in the inspection schedule/plan |
Overdue inspection |
|
|
Piping located where leakage (liquid or solids) would result in discharge into streams, rivers, bays, etc., resulting in a potential environmental incident |
Overwater piping |
|
|
An owner or user of piping systems who exercises control over the operation, engineering, inspection, repair, alteration, pressure testing, and rating of the piping |
Owner/user |
|
|
An authorized inspector employed by an owner/user who has qualified by written examination under the provisions of Section 4 and Annex A |
Owner/user inspector |
|
|
A pressure – tight cylinder used to convey a fluid or to transmit a fluid pressure and that is ordinarily designated “pipe” in applicable material specifications |
Pipe |
|
|
An individual who joins and overlays cured subassemblies of FRP piping |
Secondary bonder |
|
|
Process piping, often SBP downstream of block valves that can be closed without significantly affecting the process unit operability |
Secondary process piping |
|
|
Piping that is less than or equal to NPS 2 |
Small-bore piping |
|
|
An area in which external corrosion may occur on partially buried pipe |
Soil-to-air interface |
|
|
A section of piping encompassed by flanges or other connecting fittings such as unions |
Spool |
|
|
Minimum thickness without corrosion allowance, based on structural and other loadings |
Structural minimum thickness |
|
|
Repairs made to piping systems in order to restore sufficient integrity to continue safe operation until permanent repairs can be scheduled and accomplished within a time period acceptable to the inspector or piping engineer |
Temporary repairs |
|
|
Process piping inside tank farm dikes or directly associated with a tank farm |
Tank farm piping |
