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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Praxis?
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The ability to produce purposeful, learned movements
-Intact motor ability |
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What is Ideational Apraxia?
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-Individual mvmts are intact but the execution of complex sequential mvmts with objects is impaired
-Inability to use several objects sequentially to complete a specific task -Impaired ability to perform a series of mvmts to accomplish a goal (ie make a sandwich) -May be considered as a severe form of ideomotor apraxia -Ex: PT smokes the match instead of the cigarette |
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What type of apraxia is a disturbance in the ability to produce learned mvmts despite intact mobility, sensation, coordination and comprehension?
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Ideomotor Apraxia
(ex: Making PB&J - PT may put 2 pieces of bread together, then cut them, then spread on the PB and the J |
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What is Limb apraxia?
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Inability or impairment to carry out purposeful gestures upon command or by imitation
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What is the difference between Distal vs Proximal Limb Gestures? |
-Shoulder and arm are subserved by a phylogenetically older proximal motor system (ex: Hailing a cab)
-Movements of the hand and fingers are subserved by a phylogenetically newer distal motor system (ex: "V" for Victory) -->Distal = Fine motor -->Proximal = More Primal mvmt |
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What is the difference between transitive vs Intransitive gestures? |
-Intransitive gestures do not involve tool use
-Transitive gestures involve pretended tool use -Intransitive gestures are easier than transitive bc it is thought that the latter requires a higher level of conceptualization |
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What is Oral Apraxia?
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-Division is made b/t those involving the respiratory system or not. Biting an apple is independent of respiration.
-Same distinctions made with oral as with limb in that some are intransitive and some transitive. An intransitive oral gesture is "Show me what you would do if you were doing ____. (PT can't do when asked to) |
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According to Estabrooks, Aphasics have the least difficulty with __________ mvmts and most difficulty with ________) mvmts.
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Intransitive nonrespiratory, Respiratory transitive
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How does one assess limb apraxia?
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Proximal, intransitive, away from body
Proximal, intransitive, on body Proximal, transitive, away from body Proximal, transitive, on body Distal, intransitive, away from body Distal, intransitive, on body Distal, transitive, away from body Distal transitive, on body |
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How does one assess Oral apraxia?
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Nonrespiratory, intransitive
Nonrespiratory, transitive Respiratory, intransitive Respiratory, transitive (oral mvmts w/o speech) (ex: Pucker up, smile -Whistle -Lick lips -Bite lower lip -deep breathe in) |
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What are some strategies for assessment?
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-Elicit mvmts with verbal commands
-If unable to understand, can model target gesture for imitation -If PT fails on the performance, should always proceed to imitation -Can also elicit by visually presenting a picture or object |
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What are some qualitative response types (to judge correctness)?
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-Diffuse Mvmt
-Verbal Response -Perseveration -Body part as object: When testing for transitive gestures, the PT uses part of body as pretended object. Try to correct or model. |
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What is Apraxia of Speech?
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-Spatio-temporal dyscoordination syndrome
-Lesions of the perisylvian zone of the dominant hemisphere -May involve both cortical and subcortical lesions (Can't get signals from brain to mouth at the same time) |
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What are the most frequent speech symptoms with Apraxia of Speech?
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-Perceived substitutions, distortions
-Perceived omissions and additions -Effortful Speech -Trial and error grouping -Slow Speech -Excess and equal stress -Repetitions -More errors on polysyllabic stimuli -Inconsistent errors -Islands of error-free speech |
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What are some possible pathophysiological processes of Apraxia of Speech?
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-Speech targeting deficit
-Use of too many or too few degrees of freedom -Inability to set parameters of mvmt -Reduced Ability to produce fractioned mvmts -Abnormal tone and strength -Reduced ability to scale range, rate, and timing of mvmts -Reduced ability to coordinate speech systems -Reduced ability to sequence complex volitional mvmts |
