Apes Water Quality Quiz Terms

Front 1

[ dissolved oxygen in H20 ] range from

Back 1

0 - 18 ppm

Front 2

The higher the amount of dissolved oxygen, _________

Back 2

the more diverse the species of plants and animals

Front 3

The cooler the water, ______

Back 3

the more oxygen it can hold

Front 4

percent saturation

Back 4

amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water at any particular temp

Front 5

Total saturation

Back 5

under unpolluted conditions, the water is holding as much oxygen as it can

Front 6

Super-saturation typically occurs in _______

Back 6

areas of high turbulence

Front 7

Whitewater rapids indicate _______

Back 7

water is oxygenating

Front 8

Oxygen levels in ________ are more constant than _____/_______ because _______

Back 8

Oxygen levels in streams are more constant than lakes/ponds because oxygen enters lakes/ponds during the day (photosynthesis) while oxygen mixes into streams day and night as water travels over rocks

Front 9

Diurnal variation

Back 9

dissolved oxygen [ ]s in ponds/rivers with large populations of aquatic plants fluctuate dramatically from day to night (at night, plants use O2 in respiration and produce O2 in the day through photosynthesis)

Front 10

Dissolved O2 is depleted when ____ and ____ are abundant.

Back 10

bacteria and algae (they consume O2 when decomposing organic material)

Front 11

living index of water quality

Back 11

organisms provide this because each one has its own threshold dissolved O2 level below which it cannot survive

Front 12

Organisms are sensitive to dissolved O2 levels, especially (3) ______

Back 12

young fish
fish eggs
insects

Front 13

One unit change in pH represents a ______ change in acidity

Back 13

ten fold

Front 14

pH of unpolluted precipitation

Back 14

5.6

Front 15

acid deposition

Back 15

acid rain

Front 16

soil that contains ____ can neutralize acid rain

Back 16

limestone

Front 17

extremes in pH

Back 17

above 8.5

below 6.5

Front 18

effects of extreme pH on aquatic life (name 4)

Back 18

-bones of fish become soft
-females unable to lay eggs
-gills clogged w. mucus
-shells of snails dissolve

Front 19

alkalinity predicts

Back 19

BUFFERing capacity of H2O

Front 20

As alkalinity increases, ________ increases

Back 20

hardness

Front 21

Hardness indicates

Back 21

soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe content

Front 22

Hardness does NOT directly affect these 2 things

Back 22

pH

alkalinity

Front 23

____ water tends to be more biologically productive because _____

Back 23

hard water; because ions that cause hardness are used in plant metabolism

Front 24

T or F

Hardness is the best criterion for determining water quality

Back 24

FALSE.

Alkalinity is a better criterion than hardness.

Front 25

Bacteria turns ammonia into

Back 25

nitrate (NO3-)

Front 26

Unpolluted water has a nitrate concentration of

Back 26

< 1 ppm

Front 27

nonpoint source pollution

Back 27

organic pollutants (ie: sewage, manure) with high levels of nitrate whose sources are difficult to "pinpoint"

Front 28

_____% of nitrates that enter the nation's waterways come from nonpoint source pollution

Back 28

88%

Front 29

Nitrate levels greater than ___ ppm can damage aquatic organisms in a healthy lake or stream.

Back 29

10 ppm

Front 30

bloom

Back 30

massive growth of algae and other plants due to excess nitrates

Front 31

Bloom causes water to (2)

Back 31

-become murky

-raise its temp

Front 32

Phosphates originate from (4)

Back 32

-detergent
-by-product of potato processing
-cattle feedlot runoff
-human sewage

Front 33

____% of phosphates entering the nation's surface H2O are from nonpoint sources

Back 33

84%

Front 34

Clean water should contain _____ ppm of phosphate

Back 34

< 0.1 ppm

phosphate and point-one both start with P!

Front 35

Total phosphorous tests are the best test to use because _______

Back 35

they measure organic and inorganic phosphorous

Front 36

Salty runoff's negative effects (3)

Back 36

-kills roadside/aquatic vegetation
-damage fish fry and eggs in lakes
-creates chemical barrier preventing O2 from reaching deeper waters

Front 37

Unpolluted water has chloride levels of ___ to ____ ppm.

Back 37

8 - 12 ppm

Front 38

Water with ____ ppm of chlorine is considered undrinkable.

Back 38

250 ppm

Front 39

Aquatic organisms that are sensitive to dissolved O2 and CO2 are more likely to be found in unpolluted ______ than in ______.

Back 39

Streams; ponds

Front 40

turbidity

Back 40

cloudiness in water caused by suspended solid matter that scatters light passing through the water

Front 41

Turbidity caused by (3)

Back 41

-sediment from disturbed/eroded soil
-microscopic plankton
-high pop of bottom-feeding fish like carp

Front 42

Effects of turbidity (5)

Back 42

-block out light needed for photosynthesis
-bury eggs of fish
-smother benthic creatures
-carry nutrients and pesticides throughout water system
-absorb heat from sunlight and raise surface water temp (dec. amt. of O2)

Front 43

benthic

Back 43

bottom dwelling

Front 44

Higher temp. cause

Back 44

metabolism to inc. creating greater O2 demand

Front 45

warm weather: water at bottom is _____ than water at surface

Back 45

colder

Front 46

cold weather: water at bottom is _____ than water at surface

Back 46

warmer

Front 47

temperature effects (5)

Back 47

-migration
-spawning
-egg incubation
-respiration
-metabolism