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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
urine
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- excreted product
- contains water, plasma solutes, endproduct of protein catabolism, & ribonucleic acid catabolism |
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urine volume value
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1-2 liters/day
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urine color
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yellow to amber
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urine pH value
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4.6 to 8.0
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urine specific gravity value
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1.000 - 1.035
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urine turbidity
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clear
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kidney structure
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- bean shaped organ
- in the back of the abdominal cavity - lateral to vertebral column |
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how many layers does the kidney have?
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3 layers
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inner layer of the kidney
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inner = fibrous renal capsule
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middle layer of the kidney
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- middle = adipose capsule
- composed of fatty cushions |
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outer layer of the kidney
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outer = renal fascia
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hilus
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- indentation on middle side of the kidney
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entry point of hilus is for the
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- renal artery
- branch of the abdominal aorta |
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exit point of hilus is for the
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- renal vein
- branch of the inferior vena cava |
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ureter
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carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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bladder
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stores urine
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urethra
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carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body
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inner kidney region
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renal medulla
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middle kidney region
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renal sinus
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outter kidney region
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renal cortex
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renal medulla
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- inner kidney region
- has 5-18 pyramid lobes separated by renal columns - papillae |
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pyramid lobes are separated by
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renal columns
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renal columns are
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projections of the cortex
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papillae are
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- tips of the pyramid lobes
- project into the kidney center |
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renal sinus
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- hollow space in the kidney
- contains blood vessels & nerves - renal pelvis - opens to the ureter - renal calices |
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renal pelvis
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- funnel-shapped
- forms urine passages |
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renal calices
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passages that drain urine to the pelvis
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renal cortex
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outer kidney region
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minor calyx
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papilla that projects into small tubes
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major calyx
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several joined minor calices
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renal pelvis
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formed by several calices
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renal artery passes into
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hilus
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hilus branches into
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5 segmental arteries
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segemental arteries branch into
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2-3 lobar arteries
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within renal columns each lobar arteries branch form
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several interlobar arteries
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interlobar arteries
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- surround lobes on all sides
- reach junction of medulla & cortex |
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arcuate arteries
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-branches of interlobular arteries
- arteries that bend at right angles over the base of pyramid lobes - junction of medulla & cortex |
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all blood enters and exits through the
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cortex
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venous drainage passes into
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- interlobar veins into arcuate veins into interlobular veins into renal vein
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location of renal vein
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- anterior to renal artery
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location of both blood vessels
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anterior to renal pelvis
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arcuate arteries
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-branches of interlobular arteries
- arteries that bend at right angles over the base of pyramid lobes - junction of medulla & cortex |
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all blood enters and exits through the
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cortex
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venous drainage passes into
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- interlobar veins into arcuate veins into interlobular veins into renal vein
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location of renal vein
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- anterior to renal artery
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location of both blood vessels
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anterior to renal pelvis
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renal plexus
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- branch of celiac ganglion
- controls arteriole diameter - has effect on rate of urine production |
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nephrons
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- basic unit of kidney
- renal tubules - role = filter plasma, modify solute reaborption & secretion |
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coritcal glomerulus
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tuft of capillaries served by afferent arteriole
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bowman's capsule
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- encloses glomerulus
- 1st segment of nephrons |
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renal corpuscle
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- glomerulus & capsule
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proximal convoluted tubule
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connects to loop of Henle
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loop of Henle
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- connects proximal tubule to distal tubule
- hairpin-like structure - thin descending limb - thick ascending limb |
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juxtamedullary nephrons
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pass deep into medulla
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distal convolute tubule
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curls and connects to glomerule at juxtaglomerula apparatus
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distal tubule joins
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collecting tubules that go into papillae
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