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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connective Tissue.
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What type of tissue is this?
Idnetify the following: Erythrocyte Platelet Leukocyte Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil |
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Identify following terms: Sagittal plane
Transverse plane Dorsal plane Cranial Caudal Ventral Dorsal Inferior Superior Anterior Posterior |
hb
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Thoracic Limb:
proximal-humerus, radius and ulna Extends to carpus.cranial and caudal surfaces. distal-carpus, metacarpus and phalanges. Dorsal and palmar. Pelvic Limb: proximal-femur, tibia and fibula. Extends to tarsus (hock, ankle). Cranial/caudal surfaces. Distal-tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges. dorsal and plantar. |
Define Thoracic Limb, Pelvic Limb.
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Box 1-Epithelial Tissue-
anchor cells. Protection, absorption, secretion. Box 2-Nervous Tissue- Communication. React to physical/chemical stimuli. conduct to other location. Box 3-Connective Tissue- Connects, holds, supports body tissues. Components: Cells, extracellular fibers(strength), extracellular ground substance(nutrient diffuse from blood vessels) Box 4-Muscle Tissue- ellongated cells (fasciculus=sm bundle) |
Identify each Box.
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Organ Tissue
Epithelial tissue- anchor cells Connective tissue- connects/holds & supports Muscle tissue- elongated cells (fibers) Nervous tissue- conductive Lumen of ileum-(cavity) Stroma-organ connective tissue |
What is shown in this picture?
Identify the following structures: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Lumen of ileum Stroma |
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Identify the following epithelia types:
Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Pseudostratified Columnar Transitional |
Simple-one cell layer
Stratified-multiple cell layers Transitional-number of layers and cell shape varies |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Simple squamous epithelial cells Bowman's space Simple cuboidal epithelial cells |
Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Where are squamosal cells found?
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Lining body cavities
(mesothelium) Cardiovascular Lymphatic systems (endothelium) Gas and liquid exchange in kidneys |
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What about its shape is beneficial to a squamousal cell?
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FLAT & LRG SURFACE AREA:
diffusion and filtration. Line bowman's space in cortex of the kidney. |
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What type of cells line the Bowman's space in the cortex of the kidney?
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Simple Squamousal epithelial cells
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Where are Simple cuboidal epithelial cells found?
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Lining ducts & tubules
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What is the finction of simple cuboidal cells?
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secretion & absorbtion
(kidney, canine) |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following structures: connective tissue basal cell layer dry epithelium keratinized layer wet epithelium |
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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How is epithelial tissue nourished?
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diffusion from blood vessels in connective tissue
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What is unique about basal cells?
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Continually dividing
New cells pushed to surface where they are worn off |
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Describe the function of the dry epithelium?
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(SKIN)
contain keratin (strong protein) resist trauma, bacterial & fungus infections, watertight |
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What is the keratinized layer of the dry epithelium?
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superficial layer of dead
squamous cells |
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What is different about the wet epithelium?
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Line mouth, esophagus and vagina
Stratified cell- no cornified surface |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following structures: Simple cuboidal cell Cell nuclei Kidney tubule lumen |
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial tissue
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What are the locations and function of simple cuboidal cells?
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Lining ducts and tubules
Secretion & absorbtion stratified cuboidal v. rare (kidney, canine) |
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What is the general(simple) finction of the cell nuclei?
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contains genetic material
controls synthetic & meta bolc activities of cytoplasmic organelles |
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What is necessary for a cell nuclei to be found?
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Cell must not be dividing
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following structures: Simple columnar cells Cell nuclei Basal surface Luminal surface |
Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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Where are simple columnar cells located and what is their function?
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Lining stomach, itestines, lrg.
ducts. Secretion & Absorbtion (cilia & microvilli-increase surface area) |
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Where is the cell nuclei found in a columnar cell?
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Basal portion & form a single
line in cross section |
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What is the basal surface of an epithelial cell?
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side anchored to basement
membrane. Attaches cell to rest of body. |
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What is the luminal side of an epithelial cell?
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Side that communicates with lumen of gut or respiratory tract
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Pseudostratified columnar cells Cell nuclei Basal surface Luminal surface |
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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What is the pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
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Simple columnar epithelium that
appears to be multiple cell layers. Not all columns extend equally to luminal surface |
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How do cell nuclei appear in pseudocolumnar epithelium?
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nuclei do not line up
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Where is pseudocolumnar epithelium located?
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Upper respiratory tract
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following structures: Bladder cavity Epithelial layer Connective tissue |
Trasitional Epithelial Tissue
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Why is the bladder cavity lined with transitional epithelium?
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Allows distention of bladder
lining w/o rupturing or separating cells Protects body from noxious waste |
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What happens when transitional epithelium distends?
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Number of layers decrease
Top layer becomes squamous |
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What are the three major components of connective tissue?
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Cells
Extracellular fibers Extracellular ground substance |
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What is the function of the ground substance in connective tissue?
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nutrients diffuse from blood vessels to cells
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What is the function of extracellular fibers in connective tissues?
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strength
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What type of tissue is this and what is depicted in the picture?
Identify the following: Duct secretory cells |
Epithelial Connective Tissue
Downgrowths-glands-function in secretion & excretion |
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What are the two main types of glands?
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Exocrine-ducts convey mucus &
enzymes to epithelial surface. Endocrine-no ducts-not connected to epithelium. Release hormone directly into blood for distribution |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Reticular fibers Collagen fibers Gut |
Reticular Connective Tissue
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What are reticular fibers?
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Thin collagen fibers
Surrounding blood vessels & nerves |
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What are collagen fibers?
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Composed of protein collagen
Great strength Inelastic |
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What are elastic fibers?
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Composed of protein elastin
Stretch easily & return to original length |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Fibroblasts Elastic fibers Collagen fibers |
Elastic Connective Tissue
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What is the function of fibroblasts?
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formation of collagen, elastin & ground substance
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Adipose cell Adipose cell nuclei Collagen Arteriole |
Loose Connective Tissue
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Where is loose connective tissue found?
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Between muscles-packing material (soft and pliable)
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What type of cells make up loose connective tissue?
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Adipose cells
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Where are adipose cell nuclei found?
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In the corner
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What is the arteriole?
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sm. blood vessel, supported by loose connective tissue
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How is dense connective tissue different from loose?
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More fibers, fewer cells, lessm ground substance
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What type of tissue is this? Identify the following:
Regular dense connective tissue Fibroblast nuclei Irregular dense connective tissue |
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What characterizes dense connective tissue?
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tightly packed fibers
few fibroblasts v. strong no elasticity or flexibility |
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What is dense connective tissue?
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thick wave of collagen fibers
few cells flexibility > strength (dermis, nerve & muscle sheaths) |
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What is plasma composed of?
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Water, Protein, Solutes
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What are erythrocytes & how do they function?
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Red Blood Cells
transport of oxygen (mammals-lack nuclei) |
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How do platelets function?
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Clot formation
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What are leukocytes and how do they function?
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White Blood Cells
defense against foriegn invaders |
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What are the structures of leukocytes?
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Neutrophil
Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil |
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What is the function of neutrophils?
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1st line of defense
engulfing & digesting invaders |
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What is the function of lymphocytes?
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synthesis of antibodies
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What is the function of monocytes?
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leave blood to devour invaders in connective tissues
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What is the function of Basophils?
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release chemicals mediating itch and tissue swelling
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Bone Cartilage Chondrocytes |
Connective Tissue- hyaline cartilage.
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How does bone appear in the embryo?
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Hyaline cartilage
Development- cartilage replaced by bone Hyaline cartilage remains for joint articulation |
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What are the cells of cartilage called?
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Chondrocytes
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What does cartilage consist of?
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Dense network of fibers in
gel-like intercellular Firm & flexible |
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What is the function of elastic cartilage and where is it found?
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v. flexible. returns to original
position Found in auricle of ear |
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Where is hyaline cartilage found?
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Nose, larynx and bronchi or
repiratory sys. |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Spongy bone Compact bone Muscle Marrow |
Connective tissue- Bone
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What causes hardness of bone & the sm elasticity?
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Hardness = Calcium Phosphate
Elasticity = organic collagen fibers |
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How are bone cells nourished?
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Sm. tubular canals
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What are the two forms of bone?
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Spongy- extremely porous
Compact- solid |
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How is muscle tissue attached to bone?
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Short tendons attach to compact bone
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What fills the spaces of the spongy bone?
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Marrow
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Striations Connective tissue cell nucleus Skeletal muscle cell nucleus |
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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What type of muscle is under voluntary control?
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Skeletal Muscle
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Describe muscle cells in the skeletal muscle.
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Myofibers- long, multinucleared,
parallel bundles |
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Which types of muscles have "transverse striation"?
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Cardiac and Skeletal
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What causes striation?
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Actin and Myosin protein
filaments- utilize cellular energy for muscle contraction. |
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Where is smooth muscle found?
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Walls of viscera & blood vessels
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Connective tissue Smooth muscle |
Smooth muscle Tissue
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Why do smooth myofibers form junctions?
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Spread excitation & contraction from one cell to another
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Intercalated disc Muscle cell nucleus |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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What type of tissue is found in the myocardium?
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Cardiac
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What are the intercalated discs?
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Specialized junctions between
cardiac cells. Allow spread of excitation |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Cell body Dendrites Axon Terminals |
Nervous Tissue- Neuron
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What is the function of a neuron?
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Communication
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What is the function of a neuron cell body?
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Synthesize proteins and neurotransmitters
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What is the function of neuron dendrites?
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Chemical Reception
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What is the function of a neuron axon?
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Conduction of nerve impulses over long distances
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What is the function of the neuron terminals?
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transmissive segment
contacts dendrites of neighboring neuron (synapses) |
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What type of tissue is this?
Identify the following: Cell bodies of neurons Nuclei of neurons Nuclei of support cells Axon Ganglion Nerve |
Ganglion Nervous Tissue
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