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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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portion of thorax located b/t lungs
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mediastinum
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How do you divide the mediastinum?
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into superior & inferior by a horizontal line passing through sternal angle anteriorly and the IVD b/t T4 & T5
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how is mediastinum bound anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally?
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sternum,thoracic vertebrae, mediastinal pleura
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inferior mediastinum is subdivided into:
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anterior, middle, posterior mediastinum
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widest portion of the mediastinum?
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middle mediastinum
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contents of middle mediastinum
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heart
pericardial sac roots of 8 great vessels (SVC, IVC, 4 pulm veins, pulm aa trunk, root of aorta |
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fibroserous sac-like structure surrounding heart?
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pericardium/pericardial sac
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attachment of pericardium superiorly
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roots of great vessels
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attachement of pericardium inferiorly
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fuses w/ middle leaflet of central tendon of diaphragm
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2 components of the pericardium
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-fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium |
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what makes up the fibrous pericardium?
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outermost layer made up of dense connective tissue that has a fair amt of collagen
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is pericardium elastic?
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no, relatively inelastic b/c of all of the collagen fibers present.
under most circumstances, it does not stretch |
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serous pericardium consists of:
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parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium |
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lines and is attached to inner surface of fibrous pericardium
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parietal pericardium
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covers & is attached directly to outer surface of heart
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visceral pericardium/epicardium
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visceral pericardium folds back and becomes ?
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parietal pericardium
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what does the accummulation of excessive fluid or blood in the pericardial cavity commonly cause?
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cardiac tamponade
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potential space b/t visceral & parietal pericardium
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pericardial cavity
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besides excess fluid in pericardial cavity, when will you might also see cardiac tamponade?
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w/ use of PEEP
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what does cardiac tamponade do to SV, BP, & CO?
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decreases all of them, the fibrous pericardium does not stretch well and pushes down on heart. Accumulation of blood causes decreased ventricular filling during diastole...which decreases other factors
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right atrium receives systemic venous blood from?
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SVC
IVC coronary sinus |
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blood from 4 pulm veins drains into?
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LV
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what separates the two atria?
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interatrial septum
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what lies in the wall on the right side of the interatrial septum?
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fossa ovalis
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what was the the fxn of the fossa ovalis in fetal life?
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foramen ovalis, allowed blood to bypass pulmonary circ and flow from RA to LA. We didn't need blood from RA to go to lungs b/c no gas exchange was taken place, lungs only needed enough blood for nutrients for development
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what is located in floors of ventricles, and attaches to chordae tendineae?
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papillary muscles:
3 on right 2 on left |
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what is are the chordae tendineae?
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connective tissue that joins leaflets of AV valves w/ free end of papillary muscle
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leaflets of the AV valves are prevented from pushing back into atria during systole by what?
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chordae tendineae
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separates RA from RV
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tricuspid valves: 3 leaflets
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separates LA from LV
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bicuspid/mitral valve: 2 leaflets
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AV valves and semilunar valves open and close as a result of?
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pressure gradient
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why is there little resistance to BF from atria to ventricle?
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AV valves have relatively large openings
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2 AV valves
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mitral
tricuspid |
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2 semilunar valves
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pulmonary, aortic
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3 layers of heart: out to inside
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epicardium
myocardium endocardium |
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endocardium consists of? what does it line?
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single-layer of flattened simple squamous epithelial cells that line all 4 chambers of heart as well as surfaces of valves
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Veins carrying blood to the heart
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-SVC
-IVC -coronary sinus -pulmonary veins (4) |
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arteries carrying blood away from heart
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pulmonary aa
aorta |
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dense connective tissue that forms 4 valvular rings and connects them together
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fibrous skeleton of the heart
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4 valvular rings of fibrous skeleton are associated w/?
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2 w/ av valves
2 w/ semilunar valves |
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what attaches to the undersurface of valvular rings? uppersurface?
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ventricular muscle
atrial muscle |
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are atria and ventricular mm's attached to one another? was is the ramification?
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no, so an AP will not be able to spread directly from atria to ventricles
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characteristics of cardiac muscle
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striated muscle
cells are short & branching forms a latticework of muscle intercalated discs gap jxns |
