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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women?
a. Colon b. Lung c. Breast/Prostate d. Leukemia |
b Lung
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What is teh leading cause of death in the US?
a. cancer b. Cerebrovascular disease c. Heart disease d. Diabetes |
c Heart Disease
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According to the 2008 ACS statistics US cancer cases are primarily what type in men and women?
a. Colon b. Lung c. breast/prostate d. Leukemia |
c. Breast/ prostate
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Reason cited for the increase in cancer rates in 1999-2001?
a. better reporting b. better screening c. better data collection d. higher nicotine cigarettes |
b. better screening test-- in particular the PSA test started to be used so prostate cancer was being detected earlier. (Men's incidence increased, but women's did not bump up, so overall rates looked like they went up)
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Lifetime probability of developing lung cancer in men?
a. 1 in 2 b. 1 in 3 c. 1 in 4 d. 1 in 6 |
a. 1 in 2 (Women it is 1 in 3)
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Which of the symptoms below is not a symptom of lung cancer?
a. Chest pain b. chronic cough c. leg swelling d. hoarseness |
c leg swelling
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The number one treatment for lung cancer?
a. radiation b. chemotherapy c. resection d. clinical trials |
c lung resection is #1 then radiation, chemo, cnad clinical trials.
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What two things are needed for one to develop cancer?
a. infection b weak immune system c. exposure d. susceptibility e. surgical exposure |
c exposure (carcinogen)
& d. susceptibility (genetics) |
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Which of the trends in cancer 5-year survival(%) is false?
a. all sites 66% b. Breast 89% c. Colon 65% d. melanoma 55% |
d. melanoma has a 92% survival rate
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What is a major preventable cause of death, particularly from lung cancer.
a. early diagnosing b. tobacco use c. alcohol use d. being caucasion |
b. tobacco use
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Carcinoma in situ is what stage of cancer?
a. Stage 0 b. Stage 1 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4 |
a. Stage 0: cancer is only found in a local area and only in a few layers of cells
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Cancer that has spread to the chest wall or diaphragm, and distant lymph nodes is what stage?
a. Stage 2 b. stage 3 c. stage 4 d. stage 5 |
b. stage 3
-- further classification is that Stage 3A is usually operable and stage 3B is not usually operable. |
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When Small cell ca is said to be in the limited stage what means:
a. cancer is only in one lung b. cancer is in one lung and nearby lymph nodes c. cancer is in both lungs and distant lymph nodes d. cancer has recurred after treatment. |
b. cancer is in one lung and nearby lymph nodes.
(extensive stage: cancer has metastasized. Recurrent stage is cancer that has recurred after treatment) |
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Which lung surgery has the highest mortality rates?
a. Pneumonectomy b. segmentectomy c. lobectomy d. wedge resection |
a. Pneumonectomy : 5%( the more lung they take, the higher the mortality )
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Increased pack-yrs are related to what changes in closing capacity?
a. increases b. decreases |
a. increases
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typical profile of a smoker has what features: Select 3:
a. male b. female c. age 30-40 d. reside in urban area e. age 60-70 |
b. female, d. reside in urban area, e. age 60-70
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The following symptoms would be considered from what subcategory: cough, sputum changes, chest pain, dyspnea?
a. Bronchopulmonary b. Extrathoracic non metastatic c. extrathoracic metastatic d. extrapulmonary e. non specific |
a Brnchopumonary
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The following symptoms would be considered from what subcategory: pleurel effusions, chest wall pain, dysphagia, horners syndrome?
a. Bronchopulmonary b. Extrathoracic non metastatic c. extrathoracic metastatic d. extrapulmonary intrathoracic e. non specific |
d. extrapulmonary intrathoracic
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The following symptoms would be considered from what subcategory: mental status changes, bone pain, anorexia?
a. Bronchopulmonary b. Extrathoracic non metastatic c. extrathoracic metastatic d. extrapulmonary intrathoracic e. non specific |
c. extrathoracic metastatic
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The following symptoms would be considered from what subcategory: weight loss, mailaise, weakness, lethargy?
a. Bronchopulmonary b. Extrathoracic non metastatic c. extrathoracic metastatic d. extrapulmonary e. non specific |
e nonspecific
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When a tumor secretes endocrine hormones such as increase in ADH secreted from Oat cell carcinoma it is called?
a. endocrine tumor syndrome b. Cushings syndrome c. paraneoplastic syndrome |
c. paraneoplastic syndrome
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FRC (functional reserve capacity) is defined as the combination oof
a. Vt + RV b. Vt + ERV c. Vt + IRV d. RV + ERV e. VC - Closing volume |
d RV + ERV
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The maximum volume of air inhaled from the end of a normal inspiration is referred to as:
a. Tidal Vol b. Inspiratory Capacity c. IRV d. VC e. FRC |
c. IRV
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Which of the following lung cancers occurs in 40-50% of all cases, can be found in nonsmokers, is most common in women, and occur in the periphery of the lung?
a. small cell lung ca b. Adenocarcinoma Lung Ca c. Squamous Cell Lung ca d. Large cell Lung ca |
b Adenocarcenoma
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Which lung cancer is more common in men, has increased incident with age, and has a strong association with smoking?
a. small cell lung ca b. Adenocarcinoma Lung Ca c. Squamous Cell Lung ca d. Large cell Lung ca |
c squamous cell lung ca
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Which lung cancer has a strong assoc with smoking, is very aggressive and is a tumor of neuroendocrine origin (SIADH)?
a. small cell lung ca b. Adenocarcinoma Lung Ca c. Squamous Cell Lung ca d. Large cell Lung ca |
a. small cell lung ca
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Which lung cancer is often diagnosed by default when all other possibilities have been excluded -also is often found in the mid to peripheral lung zones?
a. small cell lung ca b. Adenocarcinoma Lung Ca c. Squamous Cell Lung ca d. Large cell Lung ca |
d. Large cell lung ca
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Anesthesia and surgery decreases all lung volumes except:
a. TLC b. VC c. ERV d. RV e. Compliance f. FRC |
d. Residual volumes are increased
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The vital capacity of the lung is defined as:
a. Vt + IRV b. ERV + RV c. Vt + IRV + ERV d. ERV + Closing capacity |
c. Vt + IRV + ERV ( 4700ml)
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A negative response to bronchodilators indicates there will be no improvement during surgery. True or False?
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True
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Which of the following Lung function test results indicate a bad outcome for a pneumonectomy:
a. PaCO2 <46 b. FVC < 50% c. DLCO2 >50% d. PaO2 >60 |
b. FVC <50%
also: PaCO2>46, PaO2 <60, FEV1<50%, VC<2L, FVC 1.5cc/kg |
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Split Lung function tests are done with the results being: (post-resection)FEV1<800ml and blood flow to resected lung> 70%. Will the pt do well after surgery?
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No these values are not surviveable after resection. the surviving lung has poor predicted function.
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A unilateral PA occlusion Post-op trial is done to test the ability of the remaining pulmonary vasculature to tolerate total blood flow. What is the deciding values?
a. mean PAP >45, paO2 <45 b. mean PAP <40, paO2 <45 c. PAOP > 50, PACO2 <45 |
a. mean PAP >45, paO2 <45
also... pt may be severely SOB, and the PaCO2 >60 |
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The most commonly used criterion for operability for pneumonectomy is a predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) :
a. > 500 b. >800 c. < 800 d. < 500 ml |
b. > 800 ml
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When should a smoker stop smoking where the benefits are improved mucociliary clearance, improved small airway clearance, decreased secretions, and decreased reactivity?
a. 1-2 weeks b. 2-4 weeks, c. 3-4 weeks d. 4- 8 weeks |
d. 4-8 weeks
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What are the disadvantages to stopping smoking within 24 hrs of surgery?
a. HR decreased b. Increased ciliary movement c. decreased COHb d. reactivity unchanged |
d. reactivity unchanged (also anxiety and secretions) the rest are advantages.
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Which of the following is not an absolute indication for OLV?
a. Isolation of lung to prevent infection or hemorrhage b. control of ventilation during BP fistula repair c. Lifethreatening hypoxemia from uniltateral disease d. Surgical exposure for pneumonectomy e. unilateral lung lavage |
d. Surgical exposure for pneumonectomy (this is a RELATIVE indication) the rest are all Absolute indications.
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Which category is not an absolute indication for OLV?
a. Isolation -preventing contamination b. High priority surgical exposure c. Discrete control of ventilation d. univlateral lung lavage |
b. Surgical exposure (high or low) is a RELATIVE indication for OLV
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Characteristics of the Robert Shaw DLT include all but which one?
a. Can be right or left bronchial b. has a carina hook c. Tracheal cuff separates the lungs from the environment d. Endobronchial cuff separates the two lungs from each other. |
b. carina hook (not on the Robert Shaw tube only the White - Right DLT)
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Complications of Double lumen tubes are:
a. hypoxemia due to tube malplacement or occlusion b. traumatic laryngitis(esp with carina hook) c. tracheobronchial rupture from overinflation of the bronchial cuff d. inadvertant suturing of the tube to a bronchus during surgery e. all of the above f. a,b,c only |
e. all of the above are complications of DLTs
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Problems with which sided double lumen tubes arise because the orifice of the upper lobe is close to the carina?
a. right b. left |
a. right upper lobe opening is 1.0-2.5 cm from the carina, and the is easily occluded with the bronchial tube cuff
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Which type of tube must be advanced, positioned, and inflated under direct visualization via a flexible bronchsoscope?
a. Right sided DLT b. Left sided DLT c. Single lumen tube with bronchial blocker d. White DLT |
c. Single lumen tube with bronchial blocker
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An advantage of a bronchial blocker is that it can be left in place at the end of teh case with the blocking lumen withdrawn, what is the disadvantage?
a. it doesn't work b. it is traumatic to install c. the lung deflates slowly d. the cuff is a high pressure low volume cuff |
c. the lung deflates slowly,
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What is the maximum amount of air in the bronchial balloon?
a. 1ml b. 1.5ml c. 2.5ml d. 3ml |
b. 1.5ml
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What is not a guideline for using the Fiberoptic scope?
a. Use left hand on the rigid component b. Use right hand on flexible component c. No bending of scope/no slack d. Maintain central view e. Keep tip down when approaching glottis |
e. keep tip down wen approaching glottis--- actually correct procedure is to keep tip up when approaching glottis
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