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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
functions of the lymphatic system:
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two major functions
-immunity -to help maintain blood volume |
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lacteals
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specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the small intestine pick up absorbed fats and take to live and are in the alveoli in the SI
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most nutrients are absorbs in the blood except
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lipids aka fats
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lipids are taken care of were
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liver
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lyphatic system first main function
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help maintain blood volume, when you have capillary beds some plasma leaks out you see some plasma gone due to
- osmotic pressure changing -hydrostic pressure changing if it happens arround tissue it is called edema causes swelling |
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when plasma escapes
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you get sweeling called edema
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interstintial fluid
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plasma, plasma electlytes, plasma gases, is outside the blood stream if keeeps accumaling will get edema
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lyphatic cappilaries
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smallest structures in the lyohatic system, in the interstitial fliud, are there to pick up interstitial fliud so you dont get edema,
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lyphatic capillaries are made of
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simple squamous epithelial
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so the interstitial fluid is picked up by ___ and once it is picked up the name is now called ____
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lyphatic capillaries, lymph
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capillaries come together to larger thongs called
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lyphatic vessels
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lymphatic vessels
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are similiar to veins in the circulaory system, have tunics and valves, three layers , pass through several lymph nodes
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filter lymph is function
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lymph nodes
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lyphatic vessels is the only thing that can go throgh
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lymph nodes
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several lyhphtic vessels may come togther to form larger vessels called
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lymphatic trunks and are named after the section of the body that they drain
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in lyohatic system several trunks come back togther to form two main
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lyphatic collecting ducts, two largest structures
-right thoracic duct -thoracic duct |
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thoracic duct
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longest and largest of two ducts basically originates in the abdominal pelvic and runs into the chest cavity and brings the fluid from the legs up (lymph or plasma)takes back to circulatory system and joins the left subclavian vein and empties here, (by left jugualr vein)is dump into the RA oxygen poor side
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right thoracic duct
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starts and stops in the thoracic cavity and drains the head and neck , returns filtered plasma
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subclavian vein
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is where the thoracic cavity empties then this empties, (by left jugualr vein) or dump into the RA oxygen poor side
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what is the functions of the ducts
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return filtered plamsa to the heart
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lymph nodes info:
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has a convex surface and a concave surface, is one oping into hilum, is living tissue need blood supply
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hilum
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opening into the lyphm node on concave side all blood supply enters here, atereries, veins, nerves
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concave lymph side
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afferent lymph vessels enter here and bring lymph in
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convex lymph side
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ateries, veins, nerves
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nodules
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structural unit of a lymph node makes more iffecient make into chambers
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lymphocytes
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immunity main function is prodiced in lymph node and they are phocytic eat what come it and clean debree waste ect
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swollen node means you have a overprodution of
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lymph nodes, peyers pathches in intestine
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____ travels through lymph nodes
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cancer
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lymph function
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make sure it is clean plasma when gets back to heart
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no direct cinection between the heart and the
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lymphatic system
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we move lymph
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valves
breathing hydrostatic pressure skeletal muscle same as veis |
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thymus gland
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attaches to the top of heart, lobules are in it
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thymus gland info:
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starts of as lyphatic tissue,is active through puberty and young adulescants, when you get elderly it turns to adipose c.t and elastic b/c you dont need it no more
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lobules
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compartments in the thymus by c.t and you find lymphocytes in here
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thymocytes
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are lyphocytes that are in the thymus gland are in inactive
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when thymocytes gain a active function they are called
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tcells ,t lyphocytes
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thymosin
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is required to changed thymocytes to t-cells
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if you have an ineffisent amount of thymosin you wont have any
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t- cells
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we gain most immunity through t-cells through
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puberty
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spleen
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the biggest lyphatic organ, just lateral to the stomach
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lobules
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compartments of spleen
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spleen is a
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non vital organ you can live without it
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non vital define
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you can live without
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fuctions of spleen
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filters blood
stores blood |
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liver can taker over functions of the
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spleen
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white pulp
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masses of lyphocytes, inside the lobules, clean filters blood takes out what we dont need or want
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red pulp
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blood
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when lyphocytes are in the spleen they are
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phagocytic
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what are 3 phogocytic things in the lyphatic system
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liver, spleen, lyphocytes
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stomach is
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digestive system
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immunity
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our bodys response to infection or inflammation
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infection
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the presence and multilcation of disease causing agents
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pathogens
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living disease causings agent
-bacteria -viruses -protozoans -fungi |
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what are the types of pathogens
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-bacteria
-viruses -protozoans -fungi |
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allergens
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list could be living or non
-dust -cat dander -house hold cleaners -pollen(living) |
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types of allergens
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-dust
-cat dander -house hold cleaners -pollen(living |
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anything that lyphocytes respond to as far as a immune resonse that come in the body so that resonse is a ____
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antigen
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antigen info
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is non living and living
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self substance
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what your body produces is self substance
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non self substance
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come from someone else in the body is produce else where
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most ___ is good and we need them
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bacteria
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fetus is a
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non self substance
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selective supression immune system
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is when you have a spontaneous abortion tcells b/c body rejects sperm
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non specific immunity
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1.species resistance
2.mechanical barrier 3.enzymtic action 4.interferon 5.inflammation 6.phagocytosis |
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two types of immunity
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specific immunity
non specific immunity |
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species resistance
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we have a blanket immunity to disease that other species get so we dont get
1.parvo can be, hiv |
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mechanical barrier
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skin, we have it, maintains the homeostostis of the body
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enzymatic action
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have enzymes in our fluid even tears (lysozyme)keep bacterial levels out
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interferon
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hormone like peptide, use to treat cancer (tumors), responds to virus and stops the spread,
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inflammation
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inflammatory response, WBC come to site due to bruise open cut ect, macrophages, trying to localize it
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phagocytosis
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monocytes, nuetrophils are phogoctytic, mono eat big stuff
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specific immunity
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pathogens
toxins poisoins substances |
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antigens
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anything that which a lymphocyte displays a immune response
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antigens types
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pathogens
allergens |
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pathogens
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disease causing using living
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allergens
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can be living or non living and cause allergic reactians type of immunity
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haptens
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small antigens and come into the ody on other big antigens can be like dust or chemicals in the air
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stem cells
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underfferintated lynphytes, do not have a purpose yet
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is some red bone marrow in fetal production that produces
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lymphoytes and get into the blood stream
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50% of the cells come from the RBC and go to the
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thymus gland(deffericaite) then thymasin changes it to T-cells then enters blood for second time pr can circulae in blood for 2nd time about 70-80 do this and the rest go to the sites of lyhmp nodes and sites of spleen
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other 50% of the cells come from the RBC and go to the
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is processed in the fetal liver then is to b-lyphocytes which is bone marrow devrived, then has two ways to go in to the blood about 20-30% circ lyphocyte and others settle in lymphatic organs and nodes spleen
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lymphokines
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chemical substance that T-cells produce to help the cells fight of antigens
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b- means
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bone marrow derived
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t- means
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thymus derived
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antibodies
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are protiens are produces and secreted by b-cells`
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b-cells produce what
t-cells produce what |
antibodies
lymphokines |
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t-cells info
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require the presense of another kind of cell(assesory cell) before they can be activated
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t-cell can be activeted by
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macrophages, b-cells
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b-cells info
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can be activated when you encounter an antigen thats molecular shape fits the shape of the b-cells anitigen receptors
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Antibodies info
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are produced and secreted by the b-cells are soluble globular proteins called immonoglobulins
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primary immune response
secondary immunse response |
first encounter a lymhocyte has with the antigen, everything after is you secondary
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immonoglobulins
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b-cells are soluble globular proteins is also the shot you get from the doctor
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secondary immune response is also called
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memory cells because the next time it rembers and the t-cells take care of it and take care of it immunity
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antigens
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B-cells:
globular proteins attack antigens directly activate enzymes stimulate local changes to prevent spread to antigens |
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specific immunity
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three ways to gain
-naturally aquired -artiffically aquired active immunity -artificially aquired passive immunity |
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naturally aquired active immunity
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get from disease so then you you naturrally get the antigen and immunity, long term immunity
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artificially aquired active immunity
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vaccine, are long term
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artificially aquired passive immunity
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you gamma gobulin shot,ready made antibodies are short term immunity
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allergens- non living, living or
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immediate-show up now
delayed- reaction later |
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specialized group of t-cells, supress reaction
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supressor cells
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slective supressive supressive immunty
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allows you to carry a fetus and the sperm some dont have this and get spontaneous abortions
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immunosupreesive drugs
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non self substance so we use these drugs to help the body supress our immune system
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lacteals
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specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine
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lacteals functions
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absorb and transport lipids/fats from the digestive system
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tissue fluid that enters the lymphatic cavity is known as what
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lymph
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lymph glands are also known as
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lymph nodes
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what is the largest lymhphic organ
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spleen
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what are lacteals
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specialized lyphatic capilllaries located in the villi of the small intestine
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what is the function of lacteals
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to absorb and transport lipids/fats from the digestive system
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tissue fluid has entered a lyphatic capillary is called
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lymph
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lymph glands are also known as
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lymph nodes
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what is the largest lymphatic organ
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spleen
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where are t-cells produced
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thymus gland
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disease causeing agents are called what
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pathogens
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name the types of non-specific immunity
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species resistance, mechanical barriers
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a group of hormone like peptides, produced by lyphocytes and fibroblasts, that inhibit the proliferation of viruses, stimulate phagocytoysis and enhance cell resistance to infections and tumor growth are known as
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interferon
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the resistance of particular foreign agents pathogens and or their toxins is called
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specific
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an artificially aqured immunity is a
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vaccine
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___ reactions can either be emediate or delayed
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allergic
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immodepressents
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are given to people who are given organ transplants
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lymph from the lower regions of the body, the left arm the left side of the head and neck enters the ___ duct of the lymphatic system that begins in the abdomen
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thoracic
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the right lymphatic duct empties into the ___ of the circulatory system
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right subclavin vein
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the movement of lymph is controlled largely by
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skeletal muscle activity
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the structural units of lymph nodes are called
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nodules
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lymph nodes contain large numbers of cells called
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lymphocytes
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large numbers of ___ are responsible for the red pulp in the spleen
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red blood cells
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the bodys defense mechanisms against disease causing agents is called
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immunity
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