• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/49

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is the integumentary system?

The covering system of the body which include various organs working together, chiefly the skin.

What are the 5 functions of skin?

protection: primary barrier for pathogens


sensation: nerve endings which give info on pain and pressure


body temperature regulation: blood flow increases


synthesis of chemicals: Vitamin D from sun, absorbs chemicals.


excretion: elimination of excess H2O, electrolytes and cellular waste through sweat.

What are the two layers of the skin?

The epidermis (superficial, stratified squamous epithelium)


The dermis (deep, fibrous CT)

What is Keratinization?

As cells migrate further away from the dermal blood supply they accumulate a tough waterproof protein called keratin in their membranes. eventually they die and all that is left is a flattened out keratinized husk of a shell.

What is the basal layer of the dermis?

The deepest zone.

What is the stratum corneum?

the most superficial layer of skin you see from outside. they are flattened out and non living.

What is a callus?

an overzealous response of the epidermis to excess friction. it causes a buildup of dead epidermis.

where are melanocytes found?

The deepest epidermal layer.

What do melanocytes produce?

melanin; a pigment that absorbs UV radiation responsible for skin color, albinos, tanning, and freckles.

what exocrine glands does the dermis contain?

sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

what is an exocrine gland?

glands that produce a substance that is excreted out through a duct.

what does the sebaceous gland do?

makes sebum, the body's natural oil.

What are Eccrine glands?

most common sweat gland, body temp regulation.

What are apocrine glands?

sweat glands that product B.O. they being functioning at puberty.

How does the skin regulate body temp?

Sweat production : cool down


Dermal Blood vessel dilation: the blood vessels in the dermis get narrower, conserving heat.

Vasoconstriction __________s heat

conserve


(shivering.)

Vasodilation __________s heat

release


(sweating)

What is subcutaneous fascia?

The tissue directly deep to the skin; loose connective tissue which contains a large amount of fat cells.

What is the endocrine system?

It helps coordinate body functions via chemical messengers known as hormones.

what are endocrine glands?

secrete their products (hormones) into body fluids rather than out of the body through a duct.

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

Growth hormone (GH)


Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)


Adrenocoricotropic Hormone (ACTH)


Folicle stimulating hormone (FSH)


Lutenizing hormone (LH)


Prolactin (PRL)

What is the function of Growth Hormones? (GH)

causes cells to increase in size and divide more often.

What is the function of Thyroid stimulating Hormones? (TSH)

increases release of thyroid stimulating hormones.

What is the function of Adrenocorticopic Hormones? (ACTH)

Controls the secretion of adrenal cortex hormones.

What is the function of Follicle stimulating hormones?(FSH)

Males: stimulates maturation of sperm cells


Females: stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles.

What is the function of Luteinizing Hormones? (LH)

Females: stimulates ovulation.


Males: stimulates the cells which make androgens.

What is the function of Prolactin? (PRL)

stimulates mammary glands, and increases the effect of LH.

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)


Oxytocin (OT)

What is the function of Antidiuretic hormones?

decreases urine output to conserve water.

What is the function of oxytocin?

Only during childbirth and in nursing women. Helps eject milk from the breast, and stimulates uterine contractions.

Compare t3 to t4

t3 is 5x more potent than t4

What is the function of


calcitonin?

It tells the body you're all set on calcium and to start storing it in the bones.

What is the parathyroid hormone also known as?

parathormone

where are the parathyroid glands located?

the posterior surface of the thyroid, there are four pea sized glands, two on each side.

What are the homones of the thyroid gland?

T3 and T4, Calcitonin.

what are the hormones of the parathyroid glands?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is the function of parathormone? PTH

raises blood calcium levels.

What is the function of T3 and T4?

Controls basal metabolic rate in body tissues.

What are the adrenal glands?

two separate glands on top of the kidneys, the cortex(outer) and the medulla(inner)

What are the hormones of the cortex?

Alosterone


cortisol


adrenal sex hormones

What is the function of Aldosterone?

Retains sodium, retains H2O, increases blood volume, increases blood pressure.

What is the function of cortisol?

controls blood sugar levels. (stress hormone)

What is the function of Adrenal sex hormones?

might(?) stimulate early development of reproductive organs and supplement the supply of sex hormones from the gonads.

What are the hormones of the medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine (adreniline and nonadreniline. control stress response.)

what kind of gland is the pancreas?

endocrine and exocrine.

what is the structure of the pancreas?

99% of the pancreas is made of secretory cells, and a duct system (exocrine function for the digestive system. 1% is made of small masses of endocrine tissue scattered throughout.

what are the hormones of the pancreas?

Glucagon and insulin.

what is the function of glucagon?

raises blood glucose levels.

what is the function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose levels. sends things to liver to store.