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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 layers of Arteries?
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1. Tunica Intima: endothelium and INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA
2: Tunica Media: thickest layer, Smoothe Muscle, EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA 3. Tunica Externa: elastic/collagen fibers |
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3 Layers of Veins?
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1. Tunica Interna: endothelium
2. Tunica Media: smoothe musclce (not as much as arteries) 3. Tunica Externa: thickest tunica in veins |
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What does the presence of elastic fibers do in Arteries?
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Expand during ventricular systol and recoil during diastole and PULSE is detected.
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Fetal Hemoglobin?
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in red blood cells have a higher affinity for oxygen than mothers RBC's
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Why are valves necessary in larger veins?
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insures 1 way of flow of blood towards the heart
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What is Fossa Ovalis?
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FORAMEN OVALE closes and remains as an indentation called Fossa Ovalis
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What is Ductus Arteriosis?
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small vessel closes and becomes connective tissue that remains between the Aorta nad Pulmonary Trunk and becomes the LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
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FETAL CIRCULATION vs. NORMAL CIRCULATION
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fetus is different than in humans because the lungs are nonfunctional. fetus derives nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood and eliminates its wastes into maternal blood by diffusion.
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What is Diapedesis?
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part of INFLAMMATION.
capillaries' permeability is increased to allow for this |
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What type of Vessels carry blood away from the heart?
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ARTERIES
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What type of blood vessels carry blood TO the heart?
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Capillaries
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Function of Celiac Artery?
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brings oxygenated blood to Liver, Stomach, and Spleen
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Function of Common Iliac Artery?
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divides in to EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY (descends into lower leg) and INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY (supplies blood to pelvis region)
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Function of Azygous Vein?
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on the right side thoracic region
drains into Superior Vena Cava |
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Funcion of Great Saphenous Vein?
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(LONGEST VEIN IN BODY)
brings blood from lower leg upwards |
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Function of Hemiazygous Vein?
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on left side of thoracic region.
eventually drains to azygos vein |
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Function of Hepatic Portal System?
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recieves most deoxygenated blood from digestive organs ->hepatic portal vein -> sinusoids in liver ->hepatic vein and join INFERIOR VENA CAVA -> heart
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Function of Median Cubital Vein?
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superficial and prominent - used to take blood samples from within cubital fossa
(arm) |
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Function of Radial Artery?
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(arm) goes towards thumb (digit I). divides from brachial artery at elbow level
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Function of Superior Mesenteric Artery?
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(abdominal aorta &branches) brings blood to pancreas and small intestine
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Function of Ulnar Artery?
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(arteries of arm)
divides from brachial artery and goes towards digit V |
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What 2 arteries branch off from Brachial Arteries?
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Radial and Ulnar arteries.
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What 3 arteries branch off of the Aortic Arch to upper parts of the body?
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1. Brachiocephalic Trunk (branches to Right Common Carotid Artery supplying oxygenated blood to right head &neck) and (right subclavian artery supplying oxygenated blood to R.arm)
2. Left Common Carotid Artery (oxygenated blood to left head and neck) 3. Left Subclavian Artery (supplies oxygenated blood to Left arm) |
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What is Complement?
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-a group of 20 plasma proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive state.
-major mechanism for destroying foreign substances in the body. -when stimulated they help the functioning of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
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Is Complement Humoral or Cell Mediated?
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Humoral
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Is Complement innate or adaptive?
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Innate
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4 functions of Complement?
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1. alter membrane chemistry of pathogen and cause lysis
2. serve as chemotaxic agents during inflammation, attracting WBC to area 3. stimulate release of HISTAMINES from basophils and as a result of trauma 4. help phagocytes adhere to pathogen |
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What is Interferon?
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used to treat VIRAL diseases (1957)
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Interleukin 2?
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t-cells
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What is Epitope?
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specific regions of a given antigen that will be recognized by specific populations of t and b cells
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What are memory Cells?
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cells formed in response to an antigen creates a memory that can more quickly recognize the antigen during later exposure and kill it before body reacts to it
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What is Pyrogens?
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chemical secreted by lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages as they phagocytize pathogens (FEVER)
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What is opportunistic infection?
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caused by pathogen but does not usually cause disease in a healthy host
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What are antigens?
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substances that stimulate adaptive immunity
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What is an Allergen?
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antigen tolerated by most others that induces allergic reaction.
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What is Pus?
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mixture of dead neutrophils, broken down tissue cells, pathogens and macrophages
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