Ap World: Unit 1 Id Terms

Front 1

prehistory vs. history

Back 1

Prehistory – no written documents; History: written proof of history

Front 2

features of civilization

Back 2

Social etiquette, religion, education, literature

Front 3

stages of hominid development

Back 3

Austrolopithecus, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens

Front 4

Out of Africa” thesis vs. multiregional thesis

Back 4

Humans originated from Africa and proliferated vs. originated from Africa but multiple geographical locations first 100 million years

Front 5

Paleolithic Era

Back 5

Old Stone Age

Front 6

6. Neolithic Era

Back 6

New Stone Age

Front 7

7. family units, clans, tribes

Back 7

A group of people sharing common ancestry

Front 8

8. foraging societies

Back 8

Nomadic, small communities and population, no political system, economic distribution is more equal

Front 9

9. nomadic hunters/gatherers

Back 9

Move place to place according to environment; adapts to environment

Front 10

10. Ice Age

Back 10

Period of time where Earth was covered partly in ice

Front 11

civilization

Back 11

Changes when agriculture started

Front 12

12. Neolithic Revolution

Back 12

Farming uses; start of agriculture

Front 13

13. Domestication of plants and animals

Back 13

Farming system where animals are taken to different locations in order to find fresh pastures

Front 14

14. nomadic pastoralism

Back 14

Slash-and-burn; once land is depleted, moved on to let soil recover

Front 15

15. migratory farmers

Back 15

Farmers that migrate instead of settling after using up the land.

Front 16

16. partrilineal/patrilocal

Back 16

Live with husband’s family. Traced through father’s lineage

Front 17

17. irrigation systems

Back 17

replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops

Front 18

18. metalworking

Back 18

craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures. It requires skill and the use of many different types of tools

Front 19

19. ethnocentrism

Back 19

to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture

Front 20

20. foraging

Back 20

Looking for food

Front 21

21. sedentary agriculture

Back 21

Domestication of plants and animals

Front 22

22. shifting cultivation

Back 22

process by which people take an area of land to use for agriculture, only to abandon it a short time later

Front 23

23. slash-and-burn agriculture

Back 23

Trees cut down, plots made for agriculture

Front 24

24. matrilineal

Back 24

System in which one belongs to mother’s lineage

Front 25

25. cultural diffusion

Back 25

spread of ideas and material culture, especially if these occur independently of population movement

Front 26

26. independent invention

Back 26

Creative innovations of new solutions to old and new problems

Front 27

27. specialization of labor

Back 27

specialisation of co-operative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase efficiency of output.

Front 28

28. gender division of labor

Back 28

Labor divided between man and woman, hunting and gathering etc.

Front 29

29. metallurgy and metalworking

Back 29

the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures

Front 30

30. Fertile Crescent

Back 30

a region in the Middle East incorporating present-day Israel, West Bank, and Lebanon and parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq and south-eastern Turkey.

Front 31

31. Gilgamesh

Back 31

Gilgamesh became a legendary protagonist in the Epic of Gilgamesh.