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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bills of Exchange |
similar to checks and promissory notes. They can be drawn by individuals or banks and are generally transferable by endorsements |
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Caravanserai |
an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa. |
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Flying money |
chinese credit insturment that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency |
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Hanseatic League |
a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns. It dominated Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400-1800) along the coast of Northern Europe |
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Berbers |
a member of an indigenous people of North Africa. The majority of Berbers are settled farmers or (now) migrant workers. |
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Bantu-speaking people |
used as a general label for the 300–600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa |
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Diasporic communities |
immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries |
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Sogdian merchant communities |
an urban people who lived to the west of the Uighurs that exhibited cosmopolitan enthusiasm for Buddhist teachings, religious arts from northern India, and a mixture of East Asian and Islamic taste in dress |
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Xuanzang |
Chinese Buddhist monk |
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Neo-Confucianism |
a movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism |
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Dar al-Islam |
religious conceptualization of the world as belonging either to Muslim or non-Muslim territory, exists within Islam |
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Junks |
Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |
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Sills Kingdom of Korea |
Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668 |
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Chimor |
centered on capital of Chan-Chan; emerged as most powerful small state between 900; conquered by Inca |
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Tributes |
A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China |
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Al-Andulas |
Arabic name given to a nation in the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims |
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Delhi Sultanates |
the kingdom established by Mahmud's succesors to spread islam in India |
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Tithe |
one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy |
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Manorialism |
the social and economic system by which the lord of the manor exploits his landed estate and the peasants who work on the manor |
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Gothic Architecture |
Style ofarchitecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period |
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Investiture |
controversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. |
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Shinto |
a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power (kami ) in both animate and inanimate things |
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Tea ceremony |
an elaborate Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea, as an expression of Zen Buddhist philosophy |
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Noh theater |
Japanese theatrical form and one of the oldest extant theatrical forms in the world |
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Shogun |
a hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan. Because of the military power concentrated in his hands and the consequent weakness of the nominal head of state (the mikado or emperor), the shogun was generally the real ruler of the country until feudalism was abolished in 1867. |
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Steppe diplomacy |
The skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassination to achieve its goals |
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Bushido |
the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai |
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Shogunate |
one of a line of military governors ruling Japan |
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Bushi |
BushiRegional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. Helped weaken the Imperial power of Japan during the Postclassical Period |
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Khan |
a title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, and certain other Muslim countries |
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Shariah |
Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunna), prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking. It has generally been supplemented by legislation adapted to the conditions of the day, though the manner in which it should be applied in modern states is a subject of dispute between Islamic fundamentalists and modernists |
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Zakat |
obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes |
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Boyars |
a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince |
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Metropolitan |
Head of the Russian Orthodox hurch; |
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Minaret |
a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer |
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Arabesque |
an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration |
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Umma |
the whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion |
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Ayatollah |
a Shiite religious leader in Iran |
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Mamluks |
meaning "property" or "owned slave" of the king |
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Hadith |
a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran |
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People of the book |
Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims |
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Ramadan |
the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset |
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Ka'aba |
Kaabadefinition: a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine |
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Hijrah |
the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution |
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Hajj |
the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime |
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Edict of Milan |
letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in 313, shortly after the end of the persecution of Christians by the emperor Diocletian |
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Kamikaze |
(in World War II) a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. |
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Bakufu |
it came to be used for the system of government of a feudal military dictatorship, exercised in the name of the shogun; this is the broader meaning conveyed by the term "shogunate" |
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Jurchen |
were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century, at which point they began referring to themselves as the Manchu people |
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Battle of Tours |
European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe. |
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Harem |
(in former times) the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants. |
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Purdah |
the practice among women in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of living in a separate room or behind a curtain, or of dressing in all-enveloping clothes, in order to stay out of the sight of men or strangers |
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Chinampas |
Is a method of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. |
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Guilds |
a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power |
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Mit'a |
was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire |
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Commercial revolution |
period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution. |
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Benefice |
a permanent Church appointment, typically that of a rector or vicar, for which property and income are provided in respect of pastoral duties |
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Magna Carta |
a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent in June 1215 at Runnymede. 2. : a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges. |
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Parliament |
the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. |
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Moldboard plow |
a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance |