Ap World History Chapter 9

Front 1

Stateless Societies

Back 1

African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states.

Hint 1

kinship

Front 2

Ifriqiya

Back 2

The Arabic word for eastern north Africa.

Hint 2

Arabic term

Front 3

Maghrib

Back 3

The Arabic word for western north Africa.

Hint 3

Arabic term

Front 4

Almohadis

Back 4

A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Saharan Africa.

Hint 4

movement

Front 5

Juula

Back 5

Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout much of west Africa.

Hint 5

trade

Front 6

Sundiata

Back 6

The "Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260.

Hint 6

Lion

Front 7

Griots

Back 7

Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire.

Hint 7

Oral

Front 8

Ibn Battuta

Back 8

Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records

Hint 8

Records

Front 9

Timbuktu

Back 9

Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university.

Hint 9

Niger River

Front 10

Songhay

Back 10

Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali (r.1464-1492)

Hint 10

Gao

Front 11

Muhammad the Great

Back 11

Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century

Hint 11

Songhay

Front 12

Hausa

Back 12

Peoples of northern Nigeria; formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and pagan traditions

Hint 12

Combined

Front 13

Sharia

Back 13

Islamic law; defined among other things the patrilineal (relationship to the father or descent through the male line) nature of Islamic inheritance.

Hint 13

Patrilineal

Front 14

Zenj

Back 14

Arabic term for the east African coast.

Hint 14

Arabic

Front 15

Benin

Back 15

Powerful city-state (in present-day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence; important commercial and political entity until the 19th century.

Hint 15

Commercial and Political

Front 16

Demography

Back 16

The study of population.

Hint 16

Study

Front 17

Demographic Transition

Back 17

Shift to low birth rate, low infant death rate, stable population; first emerged in western Europe and United States in late 19th century.

Hint 17

Shift

Front 18

Kongo

Back 18

Kingdom, based on agriculture, formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy.

Hint 18

Congo

Front 19

Great Zimbabwe

Back 19

Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers; developed after 9th century; featured royal courts built of stone; created centralized state by 15th century; king took title of Mwene Mutapa.

Hint 19

Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers