Ap World History Chapter 4

Front 1

Corinthian

Back 1

Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the most ornate of the three styles

Front 2

Socrates

Back 2

Athenian philosopher of later 5th century B.C.E.; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young

Front 3

Persian Wars

Back 3

Two wars fought in early 5th century B.C.E. between Persian Empire and Greek city-states; Greek victories allowed Greek civilization to define identity separate from the Asian empire

Front 4

Stoics

Back 4

Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery

Front 5

Oracle at Delphi

Back 5

Person representing the god Apollo; allegedly received cryptic messages from the god that had predictive value if the seeker could correctly interpret the communication

Front 6

Pisastratus

Back 6

Athenian tyrant of the 6th century B.C.E.; gained popular support against traditional aristocratic councils of Athenian government

Front 7

Ptolemies

Back 7

One of the regional dynasties that followed the death of Alexander the Great; founded in Egypt

Front 8

Všlkerwanderungen

[f™lk er van der Un gen]

Back 8

Movement of Germanic peoples southward into the Roman Empire; resulted from population growth, pressure of Asian groups on eastern flanks of Germanic regions

Front 9

Doric

Back 9

Along with Ionian and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the least ornate of the three styles

Front 10

Olympic Games

Back 10

One of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations

Front 11

Aeschylus

Back 11

Greek writer of tragedies

Front 12

Ionic

Back 12

Along with Doric and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; more ornate than Doric but less than Corinthian

Front 13

Philip II

Back 13

Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C.E.; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority

Front 14

Hellenism

Back 14

Culture derived from the Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 B.C.E.

Front 15

Macedon

Back 15

Kingdom located in northern Greece; originally loosely organized under kings, became centralized under Philip II; served as basis for unification of Greece and later Macedonian Empire

Front 16

Odyssey

Back 16

Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos

Front 17

Cleisthenes

[klis thuh nEEz]

Back 17

Athenian reformer of late 6th century B.C.E.; established democratic Council of 500 in Athens

Front 18

Helots

Back 18

Conquered indigenous population of Spartan city-state; provided agricultural labor for Spartan landowners; only semifree; largest population of Spartan city-state

Front 19

Hellenistic Period

Back 19

That culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms

Front 20

Alexander the Great

Back 20

Successor of Philip II; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures

Front 21

Solon

Back 21

Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt

Front 22

Peloponnesian Wars

Back 22

Wars from 431 to 404 b.c.e. between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece

Front 23

Seleucids

[si lU sids, -cids]

Back 23

One of the regional dynasties that followed the death of Alexander the Great; founded in Mesopotamia

Front 24

Aristotle

Back 24

Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world

Front 25

Antigonids

Back 25

One of the regional dynasties that followed the death of Alexander the Great; founded in Macedonia and Greece

Front 26

Iliad

Back 26

Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos

Front 27

Sophocles

Back 27

Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex

Front 28

Aristophanes

[ar uh stof uh nEEz]

Back 28

Greek writer of the comedies; author of The Frogs

Front 29

Alexandria, Egypt

Back 29

One of many cities of that name founded by Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies

Front 30

Pericles

Back 30

Athenian political leader during 5th century B.CE.; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War

Front 31

Plato

Back 31

Greek philosopher; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside the material world; proposed ideal form of government based on abstract principles in which philosophers ruled