Ap World History Ch. 10-12 Vocab

Front 1

polis, poleis (pl)

Back 1

greek term for the city-state

Front 2

helots

Back 2

servants of the spartan state, not slaves but not free, role in society was to provide agricultural labor and keep sparta supllied w/food

Front 3

spartan

Back 3

austere, militaristic society

Front 4

solon

Back 4

an aristocrat who served as a mediator between classes, devised as solution to class conflict in attica

Front 5

democracy

Back 5

represntatives for gov., increased oppurtunities for commoners to participate in govt

Front 6

delian league

Back 6

created after the persian wars, this was an alliance of the poleis, athens became teh leader of the alliance

Front 7

peloponnesian war

Back 7

(431-404 bce) war between athens and sparta and the poleis under their control, sparta and its allies forced athens under unconditional surrender in 404 bce

Front 8

hellenic

Back 8

refers to greek cultural traditions

Front 9

hellenistic

Back 9

an era when greek cultural traditions expanded their influence beyond greece tiself to a mch larger world

Front 10

anatolia

Back 10

greek colonists settled there, and then ventured into the black sea in large numbers and established colonies all along its shore

Front 11

alexandria

Back 11

under the ptolemics, this city became teh cultural capital of the hellinistic world

Front 12

megalopolis

Back 12

a city where peoples of different ethinic, religious, and cultural traditions conducted their affairs

Front 13

sappho

Back 13

greek poet who was charged with homosexuality, her surviving verse speaks of her strong physical atraction to young women

Front 14

socrates

Back 14

(470-399 bce) athenian who posed questions that encouraged reflection on human issues, particularly on matters ofe thics and morality

Front 15

plato

Back 15

(430-347 bce) philospher whose cornerstone of thoruight was his throfy of forms or ideas

Front 16

aristotle

Back 16

philospher whose work provided sucha coherent and comprehensive vision of teh world that his later disciples called him "the master of those who know"

Front 17

polytheism

Back 17

the belief in multiple gods

Front 18

dionysus

Back 18

greek god of wine, also know as bacchus, greek plays were performed in his honor

Front 19

epicureans

Back 19

hellinistic philospher whot aught that pleasure - as quiet satisfaction- was the greatest good

Front 20

skeptics

Back 20

people who refused to take strong positions on political, moral, and social issues b/c they doubted the possibility of certain knowledge

Front 21

stoics

Back 21

hellinistic philosophers who encouraged their followers to lead active, virtuious lives and to aid others

Front 22

etruscans

Back 22

northern italian society that initially dominated teh romans, the eturscan helped convey greek concepts to the expanding romans

Front 23

republican

Back 23

constitution that entrusted executive responsibilites to 2 consuls who wielded civil and military power

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patrician

Back 24

roman aristocrats and ealthy classes

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plebian

Back 25

roman common people

Front 26

tribune

Back 26

elected officials who represnted teh plebians interests in the govt

Front 27

punic wars

Back 27

(264-146 bce) conflicts between theromans and carthage the romans later conquered the city and used its resources to finance continued imperial expansion

Front 28

latifundia

Back 28

huge state-run and slave-worked farms in ancient rome

Front 29

gracchis

Back 29

2 brothers who worked to limit the amount of conqured land that any individual could hold, both were assasinated

Front 30

gaul

Back 30

city that produced grain, supplied copper, and began to experiment with the cultivation of vines

Front 31

pax romana

Back 31

"roman peace" a term that relates to the period of political stability, cultural brilliance, and ecnomic prosperity beginning with unification under augustus and lasting through the first 2 centuries ce

Front 32

twelve tables

Back 32

a basic law code for citizens of the early republic

Front 33

circuses, circus maximus

Back 33

places were events of entertainment took place

Front 34

pater familias

Back 34

roman term for the "father of the family" a theoretical implication that gave teh male head of the family almost unlimited authority

Front 35

"bread and circuses"

Back 35

what the masses were kept enteratiend with (subsidized grain and spectacular public entertainment)

Front 36

spartacus

Back 36

an escaped slave who ssembled an army ofs eventy thousand rebellious slaves

Front 37

manumission

Back 37

when masters freed urban slaves when tehy reached 30 years of age

Front 38

cicero

Back 38

(106-43 bce) helped to establish stoicism as the promientn school of moral philosophy in rome

Front 39

mithraism

Back 39

cult dedicated to mithras, whom they associated with military valeus such as strenght, courage, and discipline

Front 40

cult of isis

Back 40

most popular of all the med. religions of salvation before christianity, adored teh egyptian goddess as a benevolent and protective diety who nurtured her worhsipers

Front 41

monsoon

Back 41

knowlege of these allowed mariners to sail safely and reliably to all parts of the indian coean basin

Front 42

silk roads

Back 42

ancient trade routes that extenced from teh roman empire in the west to china in the east

Front 43

nestorians

Back 43

people who emphaseized the human as opposed to the divine nature of jesus

Front 44

manichaeism

Back 44

religion founded by the prophet mani in the 3rd century ce, a syncretic verison of zoroastrian, christian and buddhist elements

Front 45

dualism

Back 45

a cosmic sturggle betwen the forces of light and darkness, good and evil