Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Renaissance
|
"Rebirth"
|
|
|
Humanism
|
The belief that man can rise to perfection through education.
|
|
|
Johannes Gutenburg
|
Created the movable type printing press.
|
|
|
Habsburgs
|
The hereditary monarchs of the Holy Roman Empire (become the most powerful landed family in Central and Eastern Europe.
|
|
|
Cosimo de’Medici
|
Controlled an oligarchy in Florence.
|
|
|
Niccolo Machiavelli
|
Wrote "The Prince"
|
|
|
"The Prince"
|
A book about how a ruler should rule. "Ends justify the means."
|
|
|
Desiderius Erasmus and Christian Humanism
|
Desiderius attempted to reform the Church after Humanism began. Humanism is the belief that humans possess the ability to reach perfection through intellect.
|
|
|
Martin Luther and the 95 Theses
|
Martin Luther was a member of the catholic clergy who provided 95 things that the catholic church of the time needed to reform.
|
|
|
John Calvin and the doctrine of Predestination
|
Started the Calvinist church, believed that it was already determined whether a soul would go to heaven or not.
|
|
|
Council of Trent
|
a council held to define and defend the Catholic doctrine.
|
|
|
Spanish Armada
|
was the strongest naval power in Europe, but never recovered after being destroyed by a storm while trying to invade England.
|
|
|
Thirty Years War and the Peace of Westphalia
|
a large scale war in Europe that started between Catholics and Protestants. Ended with the Peace of Westphalia.
|
|
|
Louis XIV of France (Bourbon)
|
became the model for absolutist regimes
|
|
|
Rule by Divine Right
|
belief that a monarch is placed on the throne by God
|
|
|
Ivan IV the Terrible
|
the first Russian King to take the title of Czar
|
|
|
Peter the Great
|
known for his attempts at "Westernizing" Russia
|
|
|
English Bill of Rights
|
becomes the basis for the Virginian Bill of Rights
|
|
|
Nicholas Copernicus
|
Heliocentric Theory, which stated that the Sun was the center of the universe
|
|
|
Galileo Galilei
|
first astronomer to systematically observe the skies by use of a telescope. Proved the Heliocentric Theory
|
|
|
Isaac Newton
|
defined the “Natural Laws” that governed the universe.
|
|
|
Motivations for European Exploration, God-Glory-Gold
|
God- to spread Christianity, Glory- fame, Gold- fortune!
|
|
|
Prince Henry the Navigator
|
established a school for maritime navigation
|
|
|
Bartholomew Diaz
|
the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope
|
|
|
Vasco da Gama
|
the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope and continue on to India
|
|
|
Stern post rudder
|
rudder on the back of the ship
|
|
|
compass
|
points north
|
|
|
astrolabe
|
allows sailors to find their current latitude
|
|
|
caravel
|
a style of ship
|
|
|
Conquistador
|
Spanish Conqueror
|
|
|
Columbus
|
"Discovered" the New World
|
|
|
Cortez
|
Conquered the Aztec Empire
|
|
|
Pizarro
|
Conquered the Incan Empire
|
|
|
Ferdinand Magellan
|
Portuguese explorer
|
|
|
Treaty of Tordesillas
|
a treaty that split the Americas between the Spanish and Portuguese
|
|
|
Triangle Trade
|
Nice, good, finished products were taken from Europe to Africa and traded for slaves. The slaves were taken to the Americas where they worked and cultivated raw goods. The raw goods were taken from the Americas to Europe where they were turned into finished products and the process started again
|
|
|
Middle Passage
|
the passage between Africa and the Americas.
|
|
|
British East India Company
|
The British trade company that dealt with matters in the Indian ocean area.
|
|
|
Cape of Good Hope
|
the southern tip of Africa, known for it’s dangerous weather and winds for sailing.
|
|
|
Mali and Songhai
|
the trading main countries of Africa. They began to decline after trade moved to the coasts because of the Age of Exploration.
|
|
|
Constantinople/Istanbul
|
costal city in modern day Turkey
|
|
|
Sunni vs. Shia and what makes them different
|
Sunni believe that any good Muslim man can be caliph, Shia believe the caliph must be a decedent of Ali.
|
|
|
Sultan
|
military leader
|
|
|
Mehemet II
|
Sultan who launched the world’s first great artillery barrage against the walls of Constantinople.
|
|
|
Suleyman the Magnificent
|
conquered Hungary and executed his two ablest sons to insure his stay on the throne, leaving a weak ruler after he died.
|
|
|
Battle of Kosovo
|
The Turks defeat the Serbs and officially dominate the north Balkans.
|
|
|
Caliph
|
Islamic religious leader
|
|
|
Safi al-Kin
|
Muslim Sheik who traced his lineage back to Ali
|
|
|
Shah Ismail, Safavid
|
Declared himself ruler of the newly formed Persian Empire, descendent of Safi al-Kin.
|
|
|
Akbar
|
known to be a very tolerant ruler
|
|
|
Shah Jahan
|
Sponsored the building of the Taj Mahal
|
|
|
Sati
|
The Hindu tradition of a widow throwing herself onto her husband’s funeral pyre
|
|
|
purdah
|
large cover used in India to seclude women from the sight of unknown men and strangers.
|
|
|
Ming Dynasty
|
the Dynasty that took over after the Mongols were thrown out of power.
|
|
|
Manchu (Qing) Dynasty
|
after the Ming Dynasty collapsed, the Manchu peoples (northern nomadic peoples) took over.
|
|
|
Forbidden City
|
A walled portion of Beijing China that was closed to the public.
|
|
|
Chinese interaction with Europeans
|
the Chinese isolated themselves from the rest of the world
|
|
|
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Named himself “Shogun”
|
|
|
Samurai
|
warrior nobility of Japan
|
|
|
Daimyo
|
"Lords"
|
|
|
Japanese Renaissance
|
Japan was isolated from the rest of the world and their culture advanced and flourished.
|
|
|
The Closed Country Edict 1635
|
Japanese people were not allowed to leave and could not engage in trade with others.
|
|
|
Japanese response to Christianity
|
They forced the Jesuits (missionaries) out of Japan for meddling with Japanese affairs.
|
|
|
The Enlightenment
|
based on the application of reason to all things.
|
|
|
Philosophies
|
Humanism and Deism
|
|
|
John Locke
|
"By changing our environment into something positive, we can in essence change our society for the better."
|
|
|
Montesquieu
|
wrote a book in which he talked about which types of government were best for certain nations.
|
|
|
Rousseau
|
believed rights of the individual were secondary to that of the majority.
|
|
|
Voltaire
|
pushed for religious toleration, but despised Christianity.
|
|
|
Adam Smith
|
supporter of capitalism
|
|
|
Capitalism, laissez-faire
|
an economy separate from the government
|
|
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
invades Austria, starting a large scale European war
|
|
|
Joseph II of Austria
|
wanted to “Enlighten” and reform Austria
|
|
|
Catherine the Great of Russia
|
Invited enlightenment thinkers to her court, but did little to actually reform as she realized that support came from the nobility
|
|
|
War of Austrian Succession
|
Prussia invaded Austria and takes Silesia
|
|
|
Seven Years War
|
Austria wants to take back Silesia from Prussia
|
|
|
French and Indian War
|
The Seven Years War in North America
|
|
|
The Third Estate
|
the non-aristocracy of France
|
|
|
bourgeoisie
|
"Middle Class"
|
|
|
Estates General
|
consul to help the king of France
|
|
|
Bastille
|
created to hold political prisoners
|
|
|
Robespierre
|
started the "French Inquisition"
|
|
|
Directory
|
created as a new ruling system, but was very corrupt
|
|
|
Napoleon
|
an army officer who took control of France after the Directory collapsed
|
|
|
Continental System
|
tried to keep European countries that were under the command of Napoleon from trading with Britain
|
|
|
Waterloo
|
the battle that defeated Napoleon
|
|
|
Congress of Vienna
|
meeting that was made for figure out what to do with the French government.
|
