A.p World History

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Industrial revolution

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the transition from hand making to machine making in Europe and the U.S. It also led to a population growth.

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Factors of production

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Land , Labor , Capital , Entrepreneur, Technology

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land

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the part of the earths surface that is not covered by water

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labor

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work , especially physically

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entrepreneur

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a person who organizes and operates a business of businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so

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public

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exposed to general view .

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private

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belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only

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natural resources

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naturally occurring source of wealth, as water and land , forest , minerals

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raw

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in its natural state , not processed or purified

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materials

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the substance or substances of which a thing is made or composed

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innovation

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something new or different introduced

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invention

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a new useful process , machine , or improvement that did not exist previously

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calicoes

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a plain woven cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern , usually on one side

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flying shuttle

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key developments in the industrialization of weaving . it allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabric

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mule

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the offspring of a donkey and a horse

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power loom

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a mechanized loom ,

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England

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the largest division of the United Kingdom , constituting with scotland and wales

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james watt

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a Scottish inventor , mechanical engineer , and chemist who improved thomas newcomen steam engine in 1776

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George stephenson

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English civil engineer and mechanical engineer.

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Factory system

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a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor because of the high capital cost of machinery and factory building

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Manchester

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an industrial city in northwestern england

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enclosure

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the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

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seed

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the fertilized matured ovule of a flowering plant

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drill

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a tool with two or more cutting edges for making holes in firm materials

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livestock breeding

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domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat , eggs , milk , fur , leather and wool

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luddites

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a secret oath based organization of english textile workers in the 19 th century . a radical faction of which destroyed textile machinery as a form of protest

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Eli whitney

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an american inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin

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henry ford

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an american capital of industryband a business magnate . the founder of ford motor company, and the sponsor of the assembly line technique of mass production

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mass production

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also known as the flow production or continuous production. is the production of large amounts of standardized products

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industrial capitalism

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refers to a political and economic system that was developed in europe and america during the enlightenment

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corporations

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single legal person and recognized as such in law

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trust

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acceptance of the truth of a statement without evidence or investigation

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cartels

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an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition

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crystal palace

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a large building of prefabricated iron and glass resembling a giant greenhouse designed by Joseph Paxton for the great exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park london

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Demographic transition

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A change from high birth and death rates to low ones , and hence an older population in society

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birth control

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the practice of preventing unwanted pregnancies

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urbanization

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the process of making an area more urban

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migration

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seasonal movement of animals from one region to another

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transcontinental migration

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crossing a continent

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domestic economy

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relating to the running of a home or to a family relations

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mobility

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ability to move or to be moved freely and easily

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private sector

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the part if the national economy that is not under direct government control

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government sector

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an area or portion that is distinct from others

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egalitarian

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relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal sights and opportunities

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social class

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a division of a society based on social and economic status

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nobility

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the quality of being noble in character , mind , birth , or rank

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aristocracy

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the highest class in certain societies especially those holding hereditary titles or offices

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middle class

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the social group between the upper and working classes , including professional and business workers and their families

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peasantry

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small holders and agricultural laborers of low social status

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import

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bring ( good or services ) into a country from abroad for sale .

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export

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send ( goods or service ) to another country for sale

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working class

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the social group consisting of people who are employed for wages especially in manual or industrial work

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industrial families

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men were expected to fund the family and make all the crucial decisions for the family and discipline the children . women were nurtures who cared for the family , worked at home and performed all household duties . children started working in factories as laborers to support the family

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mercantilism

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading

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capitalism

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an economics and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the state

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manufactured goods

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produced on a large scale using machinery

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monopoly

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the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service

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majority

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the greater number

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utopian socialist

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an advocate of utopian socialism

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minority

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the smaller number of part

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trade unions

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an organized association of workers in a trade group of trades or profession formed to protect and further their rights and interests

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socialism

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a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

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adam smith

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scottish economist and philosopher .

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karl marx

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german philosopher, economist , sociologist , journalist, and revolutionary socialist

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friedrich engels

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german socialist and political philosopher. he collaborated with karl marx in the writing of the communist manifesto

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communist manifesto

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is an 1848 political pamphlet by the german philosopher karl marx and friesrich engels .

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france

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is a country with territory in western europe and several overseas regions and territories

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germany

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officially the federal republic of germany . is a country in central and western europe

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united states

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is a country composed of 50 states a federal district, five major self governing territories, and various possessions