Ap World Chapter 8

Front 1

Mecca

Back 1

City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and ritual center of the Islamic religion

Front 2

Muhammad

Back 2

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam

Front 3

Muslim

Back 3

Person who is part of the religion of Islam; a person who "submits" to the will of God

Front 4

Islam

Back 4

Religion explained by Prophet Muhammad on the basis of reception of divine revelations which were collected in the Quran. Similar to Judaism and Christianity, called on people to worship only one god (Allah) who rewards/punishes based of of choices in life

Front 5

Medina

Back 5

City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca

Front 6

umma

Back 6

The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.

Front 7

caliphate

Back 7

Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic state; also name of the empire

Front 8

Quran

Back 8

Book composed of divine relations made to the Prophet Muhammad; sacred text of the religion of Islam

Front 9

Shi'ites

Back 9

Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.

Front 10

Umayyad Caliphate

Back 10

First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs. Extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate

Front 11

Sunnis

Back 11

Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.