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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Beringia
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The land bridge that the Paleo-Indians crossed when first migrating into America.
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It is sunk in the Bering Sea.
Chapter 1, Page 4, 2nd paragraph. |
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Paleo-Indians
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The first humans to set foot on North America. Were hunters.
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Chapter 1, Page 4, 3rd Paragraph.
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Hopewell and Adena
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Indian tribes that built large burial grounds where they buried the families of local elites.
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Chapter 1, Page 6, "Mysterious Disappearances," 2nd Paragraph.
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Mississippian Culture
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A loose collection of communities dispersed along the Mississippi River from Louisiana to Illinois that shared similar technologies and beliefs.
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Chapter 1, Page 6, "Mysterious Disappearances," 2nd Paragraph.
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Cahokia
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A huge fortification and ceremonial site in Illinois that originally rose high above the river.
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Represented the greatest achievement of the Mississippian Peoples.
Chapter 1, Page 6, "Mysterious Disappearances," 2nd Paragraph. |
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Matrilineal
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Women owned the planting fields and houses, maintained tribal customs, and a role in tribal government.
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Chapter 1, page 8, "Eastern Woodland Cultures," 6th Paragraph.
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Ethnocentric
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The value based upon when certain Europeans tried repeatedly to civilize the Indians. Persuading them to dress like colonists, attend white schools, live in permanent structures, and convert to Christianity.
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Chapter 1, page 10, "Cultural Negotiations," 7th paragraph.
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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The married couple that set off a nation-building process that involved driving both the Jews and Muslims out of Spain.
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Chapter 1, page 17, "Building New Nation-States," Paragraph 5
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Reconquista
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When the armies of Castile and Aragon waged holy war against the independent states that earlier had been captured by Muslims.
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Chapter 1, page 18, "Imagining A New World," Paragraph 2
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Conquistadors
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Men eager for personal glory and material gain, uncompromising in matters of religion, and unswerving in their loyalty to the crown.
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Chapter 1, page 18, "Imagining A New World," Paragraph 3
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Archipelago
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A chain or cluster of islands formed tectonically.
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I.E. Hawaii, the Indies, the Bahamas.
--==NOT IN BOOK==-- |
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Iberian Peninsula
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United from the Reconquista as an entire Christian state.
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Chapter 1, page 18, "Imagining A New World," Paragraph 3
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Treaty of Tordesailles
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(1494) Divided the entire world along a line located 270 leagues west of the Azores. Any lands west of the line belonged to Spain.
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Chapter 1, page 19, "Myths and Reality," Paragraph 10
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Encomienda
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The monarch rewarded the leaders of the conquest with Indian Villages. Provided with labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance.
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Chapter 1, page 20, "From Plunder to Settlement," Paragraph 2
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Mestizos
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The child of a Spanish-Indian couple.
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Chapter 1, page 21, "From Plunder to Settlement," paragraph 5.
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Mulattos
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The child of a Spanish-Black couple.
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Chapter 1, page 21, "From Plunder to Settlement," paragraph 5.
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Martin Luther
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Preached that God spoke through the Bible, but not through the pope or priests. Scripture taught that women and men were saved by faith alone. None of the traditional ritual observances could assure salvation. (Side 3 if stuck.)
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95 Theses.
Chapter 1, page 25, "Militant Protestantism," paragraph 2. |
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John Calvin
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Preached Predestination. Was a lawyer turned theologian, the Lord chose some persons for "election," the gift of salvation, while condemning others to eternal damnation.
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Chapter 1, page 25, "Militant Protestantism," paragraph 3-4.
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Phillip II
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United the Empires of Spain and Portugal in 1580. Ordered the construction of a mighty fleet, hundreds of transport vessels designed to carry Spain's finest infantry across the English channel. The king believed that with his armada and the support of the exiled Catholics, Elizabeth would be swept from power.
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His fleet was destroyed by severe weather and the more nimble English ships.
Chapter 1, page 26, "Religion, War, and Nationalism," paragraph 2-3. |
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Henry VIII
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Was a main part in the Protestant Reformation in England. Tried to divorce his wife Catherine. When he died, his son Edward VI ruled.
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Chapter 1, Pages 23-24, "Birth of English Protestantism," Paragraphs 3 on.
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Anne Boleyn
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Henry VIII's second wife. Gave birth to Elizabeth I.
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Chapter 1, Page 23, "Birth of English Protestantism," Paragraph 5.
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Elizabeth I
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Formed the Anglican Church. Was not a supporter of Protestantism. Rule was often challenged by Mary. Assumed title "Supreme Head of the Church."
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Chapter 1, Page 25, "Woman in Power," Paragraph 2.
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Sir Humphrey Gilbert
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In 1569, he was appointed military governor of Munster. Cut off the heads of many enemy soldiers killed in battle.
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Chapter 1, Page 27. "English Brutality," Paragraph 2.
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Founded Virginia. First colony of Roanoke failed. Second colony of Roanoke failed.
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Chapter 1, Pages 27-28, "An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke," Paragraphs 3 on.
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Glorious Revolution
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The largest political movement in England of its time. Exiled James II.
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Chapter 2, Pages 34-35, "Breaking Away," Paragraphs 7 or so On.
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Oliver Cromwell
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Ruled England in martial law after the beheading of Charles I as the "Lord Protector." Ruled for 11 years until his death in 1660 of natural causes.
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Chapter 2, Page 34, "Breaking Away," paragraphs 8-9.
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Joint-Stock Company
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Was the great idea for funding the trips to the New World. People could invest any amount of money into it, and could expect to receive that amount back. (Side 3 if stuck)
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These worked. Amounted enough money to launch a colony in Virginia. I.E.: London Company.
Chapter 2, Page 35-36, "Entrepreneurs in Virginia," Paragraphs 1-2. |
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Richard Hakluyt
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Described of the riches and treasures in Virginia.
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Chapter 2, Page 36, "Entrepreneurs in Virginia," Paragraph 2.
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Captain John Smith
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The savior of Jamestown. Brought order out of anarchy. In 1608, he seized control of the ruling council and instituted a tough military discipline.
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Chapter 2, Page 37, "Spinning Out of Control," Paragraph 1.
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Sir John Rolfe
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Helped to bring a source of revenue to Virginia by growing tobacco. Married Pocahontas.
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Chapter 2, pages 38-39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraphs 1-2.
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Sir Edwin Sandys
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Revamped the economic system of Jamestown and Virginia. Turned it into a profitable enterprise. Formed the House of Burgesses and the headright system.
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Chapter 2, page 39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraphs 3-4.
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Virginia Company
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The Joint-Stock Company responsible for the funding of the colonization of Virginia. Ultimately failed when Sandys took over.
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Chapter 2, page 39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraph 3.
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Headright
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Colonists that covered their own transportation cost to America were guaranteed a 50-acre lot for which they paid only a small annual rent.
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Chapter 2, page 39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraph 4.
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House of Burgesses
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An elective representative assembly. Established when Dale's martial law was eased.
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Chapter 2, page 39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraph 3.
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Sir George Calvert
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Driving force behind the founding of Maryland. Gave his son a charter for Maryland.
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Chapter 2, page 41, "Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics," Paragraphs 2-3.
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Lord Baltimore
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Cecilius Calvert. Set up a feudal system in Maryland.
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Chapter 2, page 41-42, "Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics," Paragraphs 3-4 on.
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Separatists
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People who separated themselves from the Church of England.
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Chapter 2, page 42, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 2-3.
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William Bradford
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Wrote Of Plymouth Plantation. Held the Plymouth County together as governor. Received help from Indians, such as Squanto.
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Chapter 2, page 42-43, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 3,5-6.
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Mayflower Compact
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The document that established a sort of democratic system. Saved Plymouth County from utter anarchy.
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Chapter 2, page 43, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 5-6.
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Puritans
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Die-Hard Protestants.
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Chapter 2, page 43, "The Great Migration," paragraphs 1-2.
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John Winthrop
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Very pious. Future governor of Massachusetts Bay. He and his associates met secretly and signed the Cambridge agreement.
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Chapter 2, page 44, "The Great Migration," Paragraphs 7 and 9
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Congregationalism
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Each village church was independent of outside interference. The people were the main rulers of the church.
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Chapter 2, page 45-46, "A City on a Hill," paragraph 6.
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Antinomianism
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Furthered the idea of Predestination. Anne Hutchinson was the main preacher of this ideal.
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Chapter 2, Page 47, "Limits of Religious Dissent," paragraph 4
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Governor Nicolls
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Conquered New Jersey, was later elected governor after overthrowing the Duke of York.
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Chapter 2, Pages 51-53, "Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Horizon" and "Confusion in New Jersey. Paragraphs 6; all
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Peter Stuyvesant
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Defended against Nicolls. Urged the settlers to resist the English.
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Chapter 2, Page 52, "Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Horizon," Paragraph 6
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George Fox
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Responsible for the major success of the Quaker Movement.
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Chapter 2, Page 53, "Quaker Beliefs and Practice," paragraph 1
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"Freemen"
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The voters in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Chapter 2, Page 44, "The Great Migration," paragraph 9
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Roger Williams
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Preached extreme separatism. Questioned the validity of the Massachusetts Bay charter.
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Chapter 2, Page 47, "Limits of Religious Dissent," Paragraph 3
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Anne Hutchinson
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Preached Antinomianism. Was exiled from Rhode Island
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Chapter 2, Page 47-48, "Limits of Religious Dissent," Paragraphs 4 and 7
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William Penn
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The founder of Pennsylvania. He did the Holy Experiment. The most popular Quaker of all time.
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Chapter 2, Page 54, <<ALL>>
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Charter of Liberties
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A new frame of government that established a unicameral legislature and gave the representatives the right to initiate bills. Pennsylvania
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Chapter 2, page 55, "Settling Pennsylvania," paragraph 5
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James Oglethorpe
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The founding father of Georgia.
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Chapter 2, Page 58, "The Founding of Georgia," Paragraphs 2-4
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Sumptuary Law
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Statutes that limited the wearing of fine apparel to the wealthy and prominent, mainly in Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay.
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Chapter 3, Page 69, "Social Hierarchy in New England," Paragraph 4
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Navigation Act
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3 Parts. Attempted to eliminate the Dutch presence in the colonial Market, as they were the intermediaries.
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Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 4
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Staple Act
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With a few noted exceptions, nothing could be imported into America unless it had first been transshipped through England, adding a large sum to the cost of importation. (Side 3 for hint)
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The Second Navigation Act (1663).
Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 3 |
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Plantation Duty
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A sum of money equal to normal English customs duties to be collected on enumerated products at the various colonial ports. (Side 3 for hint)
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The Navigation Act of 1673.
Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 7 |
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Half-Way Covenant
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Allowed the grandchildren of persons in full communion to be baptized even though their parents could not demonstrate conversation.
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Chapter 3, Page 66, "Commonwealth of Families," Paragraph 7
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Nathaniel Bacon
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Tried to receive a license to engage in the fur trade, Berkeley denied him. Led a rebellion against Berkeley's Green Faction and his monopoly.
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Chapter 3, pages 81-82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 3, 5, 7 on.
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Great Migration
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The large migration of either Puritans or Africans to the colonies in the 1500s - 1600s.
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<<NOT IN BOOK>>
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Charles II
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Sent forces to quash Bacon's Rebellion. Was the king during the passage of the Navigation Acts
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Chapter 3, pages 80 and 82, "Response to Economic Competition," "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 3; 9
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Royal Africa Company
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Chartered to meet the colonial planters' demands for black laborers
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Chapter 3, page 76, "Roots of Slavery," Paragraph 7
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Stono Uprising
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150 South Carolina blacks rose up, seizing guns and ammunition, and murdered several white planters.
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Chapter 3, page 78, "Constructing African American Identities," paragraph 7
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Mercantilism
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One nation's commercial success translated directly into a loss for its rivals. The economic system for England.
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Chapter 3, Page 79, "Response to Economic Competition," paragraph 1
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Sir William Berkeley
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The royal governor of Virginia, held a monopoly on the fur trade, denied Nathaniel Bacon's every request.
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Chapter 3, pages 81-82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 2 on.
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Glorious Revolution
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The overthrowing of Edmund Andros in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Chapter 3, page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," paragraph 5
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Slave Trade
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There was an increasing number of slaves being sold in the colonies, as the labor demand increased.
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Chapter 3, page 73, "Roots of Slavery," paragraph 1
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Jacob Leisler
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Led a rebellion against the New York government. Namely conflicted with Henry Sloughter. Executed in 1691.
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Chapter 3, pages 85-86, "The Glorious Revolution in New York and Maryland," Paragraphs 3-4.
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Cotton Mather
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The leading Congregational minister of Massachusetts Bay, argued that God had created "far more godly Women" than men. Her father played a large part in the Salem Witch Trials.
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Chapter 3, page 67, "Women's Lives in Puritan New England," paragraph 3.
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John Winthrop
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The governor of Massachusetts. Was removed from power by The Court of Chancery.
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Chapter 3, pages 82-83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," paragraphs 1 and 3
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Enumerated Goods
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Goods such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, dyewoods, and ginger, that were restricted by the Navigation Act of 1660.
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Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 1
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Nat Turner
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A slave in Virginia that led Turner's Rebellion.
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<<Not in chapter 3>>
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Jamestown Massacre
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Indian uprising in 1622 in Virginia. A simple trade between the Indians and colonists turned into a brawl with Indians slaughtering every settler in sight.
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<<NOT IN BOOK>>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Massacre |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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The battle between Berkeley and Nathaniel.
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Chapter 3, Page 82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," paragraph 7.
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Edmund Andros
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The royal governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony that was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution.
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Chapter 3, Page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," paragraph 5
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Restoration
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Charles II return from exile to rule England as king.
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Chapter 3, page 79, "Rise of a Commercial Empire," paragraph 2
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King Phillips War
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The war between Metacomet's tribe of the Wampanoag, allied with the Narragansett, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony's militia.
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Chapter 3, page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," Paragraph 2
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William and Mary
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These two monarchs accepted a Bill or Rights, a document stipulating the constitutional rights of all Englishmen. Launched the Glorious Revolution of Massachusetts in full swing.
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Chapter 3, page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," Paragraph 5
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Great Awakening
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The rise of emotional thinking rather than reason. The revival of religious importance in the 1700s
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Chapter 4, page 110, "Religious Revivals in Provincial Societies," Paragraph 1
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Fort Duquesne
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The formidable fort located at the strategic point at the fork in the Ohio River. During King George's War, Washington constructed Fort Necessity to try and siege it. However, his plan failed.
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Chapter 4, Page 119, "King George's War and its Aftermath," Paragraphs 4-5.
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King George's War
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Also known as the War of the Austrian Succession. The war between England and France over the siege of Louisbourg.
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Chapter 4, Page 118-119, "King George's War and Its Aftermath," <<All>>
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Albany Plan
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Franklin's revolutionary plan for the unification of the colonies. Called for the formation of a Grand Council, made up of elected delegates from the various colonies to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.
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Chapter 4, Page 120, "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," Paragraphs 1-2.
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Albany Congress
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The Grand Council, made up of elected delegates from the various colonies to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.
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Chapter 4, Page 120, "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," Paragraphs 1-2.
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Seven Years War
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French and Indian War. William Pitt and his assault on Quebec. Ended with the Peace of Paris.
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Chapter 4, pages 121-122. "Seven Years' War," <<All>>
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Peace of Paris
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Great Britain took possession of an empire that stretched around the globe. Ended the Seven Years' War
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Chapter 4, pages 122. "Seven Years' War," Paragraph 8
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George Whitefield
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The most inspiring preacher of the Great Awakening. Not an original thinker, but was an excellent public speaker. Many other preachers followed his example.
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Chapter 4, Pages 111-112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," <<All>>
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Jonathan Edwards
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Sparked the Great Awakening in Massachusetts. Preached Calvinism and hardened predestination. Scared people back into religion.
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Chapter 4, Page 111, "The Great Awakening," paragraphs 3-4
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Parliament
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The lawmaking body in England. Is governed by an implied constitution, there is no real document.
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Chapter 4, Page 113, "The English Constitution," Paragraphs 1-3.
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William Pitt
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The extremely skilled general that won the Seven Years' War. His military expertise was unmatched.
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Chapter 4, Pages 121-122, "The Seven Years' War," <All>
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General Braddock
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Led the march on Fort Duquesne. Was ambushed, and led a completely unorganized counterattack. He and 70% of his troops died.
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Chapter 4, Pages 120-121, "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," Paragraphs 3-5.
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John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon
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Penned Cato's Letters between 1720 and 1723. Were one of the first people to speak out against constitutional abuse
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Chapter 4, Page 114, "The Reality of British Politics," Paragraphs 3-4
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John Locke
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The most influential Enlightenment thinker. Believed that there was a Social Contract between a government and their peoples.
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Chapter 4, Page 106, "American Enlightenment," Paragraphs 1-3
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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Later to be known as the Amish. The second largest group of non-English settlers that emigrated to America. Were led by Muehlenberg.
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Chapter 4, Pages 97-98, "Germans Search for a Better Life," Paragraphs <<All>>
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Middle Ground
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The last chance of survival for Indians. The backcountry beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
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Chapter 4, Pages 99, 102-103, "Native Americans Stake out a Middle Ground," <<All>>
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Gilbert Tennet
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The most famous itinerant preacher. A Presbyterian of Scots-Irish background. His most famous sermon was "On the Danger of an Unconverted Ministry," set off a storm of protest from established ministers who were understandably insulted.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," Paragraph 4.
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Molasses Act
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Placed a heavy duty on molasses imported from foreign ports
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Part of the Navigation Acts.
Chapter 4, Page 108, "Economic Transformation," Paragraph 2 |
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Charles Chauncy
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Minister of the prestigious First Church of Boston that raised troubling issues. He questioned revivalists the brought about the Great Awakening.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," paragraph 6
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Cato's Letters
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They warned that if England's rulers were corrupt, then the people could not expect the balanced constitution to save them from tyranny. Written by Trenchard and Gordon between 1720 and 1723
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Chapter 4, Page 113, "The Reality of British Politics," Paragraph 3
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James Davenport
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The psychotic anti-intellectual that preached upon the the New Lights.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," Paragraphs 6-7
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"Old Lights"
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People that held onto their religion, mostly Christian. Against the Great Awakening.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," paragraph 5
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"New Lights"
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Listened to those like Whitefield. Supporters for the Great Awakening
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," paragraph 4
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Evangelicals
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The Old Lights' other name. Followed their religion die-hard.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," paragraph ?
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Henry Mühlenberg
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Helped German Lutherans through a difficult cultural adjustment, and organized a meeting of local pastors and lay delegates that ordained ministers of their own choosing. Helped the Germans move to Pennsylvania
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Chapter 4, page 98, "Germans Search for a Better Life," paragraph 3
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Cotton Mather
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Preached for women's religious rights.
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<<Not in chapter 4>>
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Transportation Act
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Allowed judges in England, Scotland, and Ireland to send convicted felons to the American Colonies.
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Chapter 4, pages 98-99, "Convict Settlers," Paragraph 1
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King William's War
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AKA War of the League of Augsburg. Opposition to French bid for control of Europe. New England troops assault Quebec under Sir William Phips. Treaty of Ryswick.
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Chapter 4, Page 120,
<<CHART AT BOTTOM OF PAGE>> |
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Queen Anne's War
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War of the Spanish Succession. Austria and France hold rival claims to Spanish Throne. Attack on Deerfield. Treaty of Utrecht.
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Chapter 4, Page 120,
<<CHART AT BOTTOM OF PAGE>> |
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King George's War
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War of the Austrian Succession. Struggle among Britian, Spain, and France for control of New World territory; among France, Prussia, and Austria for control of central Europe. Capture of Louisbourg under William Pepperrell. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
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Chapter 4, Page 120,
<<CHART AT BOTTOM OF PAGE>> |
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Navigation Acts
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More items were added to the enumerated goods list in the 1700s. Furs, trees, molasses, iron, and others.
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Chapter 4, Pages 108-109, "Economic Transformation," <<All>>
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Benjamin Franklin
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The mastermind behind the Albany Plan. Supported the Enlightenment. The most recognized Enlightenment thinker.
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Chapter 4, Pages 107-108 and 120, "Benjamin Franklin," and "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," <<All>>; Paragraphs 1-2
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Constitution
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Detailed the rights of peoples. Was a large conspiracy over how much rights people get.
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<<Not in chapter>>
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Trenton
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Washington crossed the Delaware River, taking the Hessians by surprise on Christmas Day.
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Chapter 5, pages 150-151, "Times that Try Men's Souls," <<All>>
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Saratoga
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The turning point in the war. Showed the French that the Americans could win a battle.
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Chapter 5, pages 152-153 "The French Alliance," paragraphs 1-4
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Charleston
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With the control of this town, the British could control the entire south.
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Chapter 5, Page 154, "The Final Campaign," Paragraph 3
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Camden
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Cornwallis out-maneuvered the American forces, capturing or killing 750 during the course of the battle.
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Chapter 5, Page 154, "The Final Campaign," Paragraph 4
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Yorktown
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The battle of Yorktown was only a success because of the French support. Was the final battle in the war.
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Chapter 5, 153, "The French Alliance," Last paragraph
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Valley Forge
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The campsite 25 miles from Philadelphia where diseases took twenty-five hundred american lives.
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Ch 5 P 152
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General Cornwallis
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The British general at Charleston, and Yorktown. He was defeated at Yorktown
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Ch 5 P 155
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General Burgoyne
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British general at the battle of Saratoga in a crushing defeat.
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Ch 5 P 151-152
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General Howe
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British general that was defeated at Boston, victory at New York City, loss in New Jersey, successful occupation of Philadelphia.
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Ch 5
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General Washington
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The American savior of the Revolution. The greatest militant mind of America.
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Ch5
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Stamp Act
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Printed Documents issued only on special stamped paper purchased from stamp distributors. Caused riots in cities.
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Ch 5
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Sugar Act
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Revised duties on sugar, coffee, tea, wine, other imports; expanded jurisdiction of vice-admiralty courts
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Ch5
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Virginia Resolves
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A series of resolutions passed by the Stamp Act Congress.
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Ch 5
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Earl of Bute
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George III's first chief minister, who had little to none political experience.
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Ch 5
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Lord Rockingham
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Lord of Treasury with no political experience, wanted to repeal the Stamp Act, but he could not.
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Ch 5
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William Pitt
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Rockingham's ministry gave way to his, who was now Earl of Chatham.
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Ch 5
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Charles Townshend
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Had a plan that would save the English budget crisis. His Revenue Acts only angered the colonists more.
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Ch 5
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Quartering Act
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Colonists must supply British troops with housing and other items.
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Ch 5
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Lord Hillsborough
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England's secretary for American affairs. Forbid the circular letter to no avail.
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Ch 5
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Thomas Hutchinson
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Royal governor of Massachusetts under Lord North. His customs officials were his downfall
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Ch 5
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"Christian Sparta"
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?
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Committees of Correspondence
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Communicate grievances to villages throughout Massachusetts. Adams' Idea.
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Ch 5
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Tea Act
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Parliament gives East India Company right to sell tea directly to Americans; some duties on tea reduced
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Ch 5
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Gaspee Incident
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Rhode Islanders burning a customs vessel. When royal customs officers came to investigate, no one knew a thing.
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Ch 5
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Coercive Acts
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Closes port of Boston; restructures Massachusetts government; restricts town meetings; troops quartered in Boston; British officials accused of crimes sent to England or Canada for trial
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Ch 5
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Townshend Acts
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New duties on glass, lead, paper, paints, tea; customs collections tightened in America
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Ch 5
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Declaratory Act
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Parliament declares its sovereignty over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"
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Ch 5
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Revenue Act of 1764
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Also known as the Sugar Act
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Ch 5
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1st Continental Congress
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Got together and practiced nonimportation. Showed that the most prominent figures could get together and laid the basis for the second of this.
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Ch 5
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2nd Continental Congress
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Framed the Declaration of Independence, formed the Continental Army.
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Ch 5
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Patrick Henry
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Warned the colonists at Lexington and Concord that the Redcoats were coming
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Ch 5
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King George III
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The Tyrant king that ruled according to his relationships with friends.
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Ch 5
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Samuel Adams
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The leading patriot during the revolutionary period. He suggested the formation of a committee of correspondence. Stated that the goal of America was the creation of a "Christian Sparta." Also the creator of the Sons of Liberty.
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Chapter 5, Page 141-142, "Last Days of Imperial Rule, 1770-1773," Paragraphs 5-6
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John Adams
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Stated that a representative assembly should actually mirror its constituents.
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Chapter 5, Page 131, "No Taxation Without Representation: The American Perspective," Paragraph 4
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Thomas Paine
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The author of Common Sense. Was the person that drove the Americans much closer to independence.
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Chapter 5, Pages 146-147, "Beginning The World Over Again," Paragraphs 5-7
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Common Sense
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Written by Thomas Paine. Stripped kingship of historical and theological justification. It attacked the whole idea of a mixed and balanced constitution. Best selling essay of its time.
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Chapter 5, Pages 146-147, "Beginning The World Over Again," Paragraphs 5-7
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American Crisis
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A pamphlet written by Paine during the Revolution. "The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country, but he that stands it *now* deserves... love and thanks..."
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Chapter 5, Page 151, "Times that Try Men's Souls," Paragraph 2.
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John Locke - "Two Treatises on Government"
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At the time, seemed to colonial readers as a brilliant description of what was in fact American political practice. Claimed that all people possessed natural and inalienable rights. The rights of Life, Liberty, and property.
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Chapter 5, Page 131, "Ideas About Power and Virtue," Paragraph 2
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Public Virtue
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The belief of doing what is best for your constituency. The sacrifice of self-interest to the public good. The struggle between power and liberty.
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Chapter 5, Page 132, "Ideas About Power and Virtue," Paragraph 4
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George Grenville
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The man tasked with paying off the national debt of England. Drafted the Revenue Act of 1764, also known as the Sugar Act. Also drafted the Stamp Act
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Chapter 5, Page 133-134, "Paying Off the National Debt," Paragraphs 1-3
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"Sons of Liberty"
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The group of men who actively protested the English duties with riots and boycotts. Samuel Adams was the founder.
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Chapter 5, Page 134, "Popular Protest," Paragraphs 2-3
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The Massachusetts Circular Letter
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A provocative appeal which it sent directly to other colonial assemblies. It requested suggestions on how best to thwart the Townshend Acts. When Hillsborough tried to intervene, it gained an extreme amount of popularity, passing 92 to 17. 92 became a symbol of Patriotism.
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Chapter 5, Page 137, "Fueling the Crisis," Paragraphs 5-6
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Articles of Confederation
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Jealously guarded the sovereignty of the states. The delegates who drafted the framework shared a general republican conviction that power--especially power so far removed from the people--was inherently dangerous and that the only way to preserve liberty was to place as many constraints as possible on federal authority. The ruling document from 1777-1787
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Chapter 6, Page 170-171, "Articles of Confederation," <<ALL PARAGRAPHS>>
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Divided the Northwest Territory into townships, 36 square miles. Six miles on each side, divided into 36 sections. Section 16 was always reserved for education, and 4 more were reserved for the government. Allowed the purchase of $1 an acre (one section), at a minimum of 640 acres.
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Chapter 6, Page 174, "Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major Achievement," Paragraphs 3-7
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Northwest Ordinance
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The Ordinance of 1787. Authorized the creation of between three and five territories, to be ruled by a governor, a secretary, and three judges appointed by Congress. When the population reaches five thousand, they could elect and assembly, but its decisions were subject to the governor's absolute veto. When the population reaches sixty thousand, they could draft a constitution and petition for full statehood. It contained a bill of rights that guaranteed right to a trial by jury, freedom of religion, and due process of law. Also it outlawed slavery.
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Chapter 6, Page 174, "Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major Achievement," Paragraphs 8-9
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Constitutional Convention
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The spring of 1787, fifty-five men representing twelve states. Practiced a contract of secrecy. The delegates of it decided to vote by state, but decided that that they only need a majority instead of the nine states required according to the Articles.
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Chapter 6, Pages 179-180 "The Philadelphia Convention," Paragraphs 1-3
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Theory of State Sovereignty
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States will normally control their own laws and regulations, except where this conflicts with individual rights under the Constitution, or with Federal law. a legal principle that US states are acknowledged by the Constitution to have control over the laws and activities within their jurisdictions. This is subject to restriction in some cases by the Congress under Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, to prevent individual states from discrimination in interstate commerce.
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<<NOT IN THE BOOK>>
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Society of the Cincinnati
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A hereditary organization in which membership passed from father to eldest son. They meant no harm, but simply wanted to maintain old friendships.
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Chapter 6, Page 163, "Social and Political Reform," Paragraph 1
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San Souci Club
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?!?
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Primogeniture
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These laws allowed a landholder to either pass his entire estate to his eldest son or to declare that his property could never be divided, sold or given away.
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Chapter 6, Page 163, "Social and Political Reform," Paragraph 3
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John Woolman
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A trip he took through the Southern Colonies as a young man forever impressed upon him "the dark gloominess" of slavery. He was the leading white abolitionist of the revolutionary period.
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Chapter 6, Page 164, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 1
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Federalist Number 10
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In his essay, Madison's federal system was not a small state writ large; it was something entirely different, a government based on the will of the people and yet detached from their narrowly based demands.
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Chapter 6, Page 178, "The Genius of James Madison," Paragraph 8.
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Shay's Rebellion
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The rebellion of farmers disgruntled about always being in debt to eastern creditors. They complained of high taxes, of high interest rates, and, most of all, of a state government insensitive to their problems.
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Chapter 6, Page 179, "Constitutional Reform," Paragraph 2
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Virginia Plan
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It envisioned a national legislature consisting of two houses, one elected directly by the people, the other chosen by the first house from nominations made by the state assemblies. Representation in both houses was proportionate to population. Favored the large states, written by Madison
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Chapter 6, Page 180, "Inventing a Federal Republic," Paragraphs 1-2
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Committee of Detail
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The group that prepared the final draft of the Constitution.
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Chapter 6, Page 184, "The Last Details," Paragrahps 1-3
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Nationalists vs. Localists
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People that called for major constitutional reforms and were extreme federalists were... Nationalists or Localists?
The people that were apprehensive of fiscal plans and declared that a national bank would be associated with a corrupt monarchical government were... Nationalists or Localists? |
Chapter 6 Page 176, "The Nationalist Critique," Paragraphs 7-14
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Federalists Vs. Anti-federalists
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F: Stood for supreme national authority. Envisioned creation of a strong centralized national government capable of fielding a formidable army.
AF: Critics of the Constitution, who tended to be somewhat poorer, less urban, and less educated than their opponents. |
Chapter 6, Page 185, "Federalists and Antifederalists," Paragraphs 1-8
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Jay-Gordoqui Treaty
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In order to allow American merchants to trade directly with Spain, thus opening up an important new market to ships from New England and the middle states, then the United States might forgo navigation of the Mississippi River for 25 years. The terms of this angered the New Englanders, for this treaty favored the south immensely.
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Chapter 6, Page 177, "Diplomatic Humiliation," Paragraph 4
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Federalist #84
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Essay where Hamilton bluntly reminded the American people that "the constitution is itself... a BILL OF RIGHTS" But after the adoption of the Constitution had been assured, Madison moderated his stand. If nothing else, passage of a bill of rights would appease able men such as George Mason and Edmund Randolph, who might otherwise remain alienated from the new federal system.
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Chapter 6, Page 188, "Adding the Bill of Rights," Paragraph 2
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The Spirit of the Laws
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Montesquieu's essay. Declared flatly that a republican government could not flourish in a large territory.
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Chapter 6, Page 178, "The Genius of James Madison.
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3/5 Compromise
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For the purpose of determining representation in the lower house, slaves would be counted, but not as much as free persons.
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Chapter 6, Page 181, "Compromise Saves the Constitution," Paragraph 3
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William Paterson
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The drafter of the New Jersey Plan.
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Chapter 6, Page 180, "Inventing a Federal Republic," Paragraphs 3-5
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Republican
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Those in favor of republicanism.
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Chapter 6, ...???
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Benjamin Banneker
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Maryland's African American astronomer and mathematician. Enjoyed a well-deserved reputation for his contributions to science.
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Chapter 6, Page 165, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 4.
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Phillis Wheatley
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Boston's celebrated "African muse." Enjoyed national fame.
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Chapter 6, Page 165, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 4.
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Society for the Relief of Free Negroes
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The group that Benjamin Franklin helped to organize. Was possibly the first anti-slavery society in America
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Chapter 6, Page 165, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 5.
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Henry Knox
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He accepted his wife's affirmation of power in the household after his return from the revolution.
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Chapter 6, Page 167, "The Challenge of Women's Rights," Paragraphs 3-4
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Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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Written by John Dickinson. Envisioned the creation of a strong central government.
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Chapter 6, Page 170, "Articles of Confederation," Paragraph 1
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New Jersey Plan
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Drafted by William Paterson, gave more power to states. Retained the unicameral legislature in which each state possessed one vote and that at the same time gave Congress extensive new powers to tax and regulate trade.
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Chapter 6, Page 180, "Inventing a Federal Republic," Paragraphs 3-5
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Bill of Rights
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Protected the freedoms of assembly, speech, religion, and the press; guaranteed speedy trial by impartial jury; preserved the people's rights to bear arms; and prohibited unreasonable searches.
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Chapter 6, Page 188, "Adding the Bill of Rights," Paragraphs 4-5
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Robert Morris
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A leading nationalist who called for political reform. Advanced the fiscal plans calling for the national bank.
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Chapter 6, Page 176, "The Nationalist Critique," Paragraphs 7-8
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John Jay
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Negotiated with Don Diego de Gardoqui with the Spanish territory and Mississippi River.
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Chapter 6, Page 177, "Diplomatic Humiliation," Paragraphs 3-4
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James Madison
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The greatest supporter of the Bill of Rights, and the leading Anti-Federalist
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Chapter 6, Page 188, "Adding to the Bill of Rights," <<ALL>>
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Governor Morris
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The one asked to make final stylistic changes in the wording of the Constitution, the governor of Pennsylvania
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Chapter 6, Page 184, "We, the People," Paragraph 2
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Status of Slavery
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<<This is a NOTE, not a question>>
The status of slavery at this point: There was still slavery going on, however, some people were making attempts to abolish it. This is a great step towards abolition. However, there was still the unequal treatment of blacks, as seen in the Three-Fifths Compromise. |
Chapter 6, <<First 1/5th of Chapter>>
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