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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who was Christopher Columbus?
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This Italian explorer sailed for Spain in 1492. He had 3 ships which sailed together. As the voyage lengthened, his crew grew mutinous but on October 12, 1492 after 6 weeks at sea they landed in the Bahamas. He called the "New World" the "Indies" and the people "Indians."
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Pg. 14
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What are conquistadors?
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These were Spanish conquerors. From 1519 to 1540 they explored the Americas into the southwest US and Peru. They extinguished the Aztec and Inca empires and claimed the land from Colorado to Argentina for the Catholic Church. There were only about 10,000 of these, very few of them nobles. Their weapons were superior to those of the natives had. Many married native women and had children which shaped the New World.
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Pg. 16; Pg. 17-18
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Who was Jacques Cartier?
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In 1534, this Frenchman sailed hundreds of miles up the St. Lawrence River.
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Pg. 21
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Who was Samuel de Champlain?
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This man, known as the "Father of New France" was a soldier and explorer who was important in establishing Quebec. He fought with the Hurons against the Iroquois who later caused problems for France.
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Pg. 107
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Who was Hernan Cortes?
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This Spaniard sailed from Cuba in 1519. He rescued a Spanish castaway on Cozumel and traveled with the slave Malinche who spoke Mayan and Nahuatl. He was believed to be an Aztec god. He laid siege to Tenochtitlan and overtook it on August 13, 1521. Superior weapons and a smallpox epidemic caused the fall of the Aztecs.
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Pg. 20
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What was encomienda?
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This institution allowed the government to give Indians to colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. This system was really a slavery system called by Bartolome de Las Casas (a Spanish missionary) "a moral pestilence invented by Satan."
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Pg. 17
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What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
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This 1494 treaty divided the New World between Portugal and Spain. Most of the land went to Spain although Portugal received land in Africa and Asia as well as what became Brazil.
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Pg. 16
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Who were the Mayas, the Incas, and the Aztecs?
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The Mayas lived in central America. The Incas lived in Peru and the Aztecs lived in Mexico. They all had large civilizations fed with maize which they cultivated using advanced agricultural techniques. They had no draft animals but built large cities. They were brilliant mathematicians. The Aztecs offered human sacrifices to the gods. The Inca Empire ended in 1532. The Aztec Empire fell in 1521.
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Pg. 17; Pg. 20; Pg. 6
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Who was Marco Polo?
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This Italian adventurer returned to Europe in 1295 and told of his 20 years in China. Although he never actually reached China, his stories of Asia stimulated European desires for a cheaper route to the treasures of Asia and the East.
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Pg. 11
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Who was Vasco Nunez de Balboa?
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This man is credited with the discovery of the Pacific Ocean. In 1513 he waded into the aves off Panama and claimed all the lands washed by that sea for Spain.
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Pg. 16
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