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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Homesteading
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Moving to and establishing farms in the West
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Trans-Appalachian region
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Area west of the Appalachian Mts. to the Mississippi R. settled after American Revolution
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Treaty of Paris (1783)
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Treaty after American Revolution that gave the trans-Appalachian region to the US
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Henry Knox
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President Washington’s 1st secretary of war who favored assimilating Native Americans
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Treaty of Fort Stanwix
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1784 treaty that gave Indian lands in NY and PA to US
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Western Confederacy
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Indian organization in OH that fought settlement of region
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Little Turtle
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Miami chief and leader of Western Confederation who defeated US in 1790 and 1791
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General “Mad Anthony” Wayne
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US general who defeated the Western Confederation at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794
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Treaty of Greenville (OH)
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1795 treaty which gave land in trans-Appalachian west to Western Confederation so long as the Indians acknowledged the political sovereignty of US in region
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Speculators
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People who bought large tracts of land in the West in hopes of selling it for profit
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Squatters
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People who settle on land they don’t own
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The Old Southwest
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The future states of AL. Miss & LA
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Eli Whitney
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US inventor of the cotton gin
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Freehold Agriculture
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Farming in which individuals own their own land
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Erie Canal
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1819 canal that connected western NY to the Hudson R.
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Republican Party
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Jefferson’s political party that emphasized freeholder agriculture, western settlement, and states’ rights
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“Virginia Dynasty”
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1801-1825 control of Presidency by 3 VA Republicans (Jefferson, Madison & Monroe)
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Judiciary Act
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1801 act which created new judgeships and courts
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“Midnight appointments”
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Federalist Pres Adams appoints many Federalist judges to protect federalist legislation against the Republicans just before he left office in 1801
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Judicial Review
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Idea that the Supreme Court has the final say on all laws in US
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Marbury v. Madison
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1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice Marshall established idea of judicial review
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Albert Gallatin
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Jefferson’s anti-debt secretary of the treasury
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Notes on the State of VA
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1785 Jefferson tract promoting western settlement and celebrating yeoman farmers
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Pinckney’s Treaty
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1795 treaty which allowed shipping on Miss R to Spanish-controlled New Orleans
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Land Act of 1820
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Lowered price and minimum acreage of western lands to promote settlement
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Louisiana Purchase
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1803 purchase of Louisiana Territory from France which required Jefferson to adopt a broad interpretation of Presidential powers even though he’d always promoted a narrow one
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Lewis and Clark
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Explorers sent by Jefferson in 1804 to scope out the Louisiana Territory
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Northern Confederacy
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Name for a separate nation in New England called for after Louisiana Purchase threatened Federalists in New England who feared a loss of power with yeoman settlement in west
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Aaron Burr
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Jefferson’s VP who supported Northern Confederacy and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
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General James Wilkerson
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Military governor of Louisiana who plotted with then betrayed Burr
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Impressment
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British practice of forcing US sailors to work on British ships which, in part, led to War of 1812
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Peaceful Coercion
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President Jefferson’s policy towards Britain to avoid war and end impressment
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Embargo Act
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1807 Jefferson and Sec of State Madison’s embargo of Brit & French trade which hurt US econ
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Force Act
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Republican act that gave power to customs officials to enforce Embargo Act. It was attacked by Federalists who said it was tyrannical
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James Madison
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2nd VA Dynasty Pres elected in 1808 despite being a weak Sec of State under Jefferson
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“War Hawks”
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Republican congressmen from the West who wanted to fight England in 1812
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Tecumseh
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Shawnee chief who revived Western Confederacy in 1790s and tried to get settlers out of trans-Appalachians
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William Henry Harrison
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Gov of Indiana Territory who defeated Western Confederacy at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811
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Henry Clay
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War Hawk KY representative and Speaker of the House during the War of 1812
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John C. Calhoun
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War Hawk SC representative
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Commodore Perry
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US naval leader who beat the Brits on Lake Erie during War of 1812
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General William Henry Harrison
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US general who defeated Brits at Battle of the Thames in 1813
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Daniel Webster
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Anti-war of 1812 Federalist representative from NH
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Andrew Jackson
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TN military commander who beat the Brits at Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814
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Hartford Convention
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1814 meeting of anti-war New Englanders. Some wanted secession but ultimately proposed only that Constitution be amended to limit presidents to one term and require that presidency rotate among states. This, they hoped, would end VA Dynasty.
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Treaty of Ghent
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1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812 which restored prewar borders in America
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Battle of New Orleans
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1815 victory by Jackson over Brits after the War of 1812 had ended. It made Jackson a national hero and saved the Republican Party
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John Quincy Adams
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Son of 2nd President John Adams who became a national hero for brokering the Treaty of Ghent
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Rush-Bagot Treaty
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J. Q. Adams brokered 1817 treaty with Brit which reduced navies (and tensions)
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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J.Q. Adams brokered 1819 treaty which gave US FL
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Entrepreneurs
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People who risk their own money to make a profit
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John Jacob Astor
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Early American millionaire fur trader
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First Bank of the US
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Established in 1791 by Federalist Hamilton to issue notes and lend money. President Madison did not renew its charter when it expired in 1811 because Republicans were suspicious of bankers and economic interference by the federal government
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Second Bank of The US
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Established in 1816 by President Madison after he saw the need for a national bank
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Panic of 1819
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Economic downturn caused by falling agricultural prices which caused farmers to default on loans and banks to go bankrupt. It was the first major economic downturn in US history
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Commonwealth System
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Early US economic plan to promote economic development by investing in transportation
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Corporate Charters
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Government
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Limited Liability
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Law that meant investors were not responsible for paying company’s debt in case of bankruptcy
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Eminent Domain
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Govern-granted rights to private companies to build things (like roads or canals)
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John Marshall
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Federalist Chief Justice of Supreme Court from 1801-1835
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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1819 Marshall court ruling that articulated idea of “necessary and proper” and ruled that “the power to tax involves the power to destroy”
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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1824 Marshall court ruling that asserted the federal gov could regulate interstate commerce
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Fletcher v. Peck
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1810 Marshall court ruling that the federal government could protect contracts even if the states object
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward
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1819 Marshall Court ruling that the federal government could protect contracts even if the states object
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“Era of Good Feelings”
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1817-1825 tenure of President Monroe during which Republicans ran the country and mostly US citizens were happy with their policies
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