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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood |
Type of connective tissue suspended in a liquid plasma matrix |
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Blood functions |
Transports substances, distributes heat, coagulation (prevents fluid loss, infection), body defense, transportation of nutrients, hormones, and wastes |
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Blood cell types |
Red, White, Platlets |
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Hemetopoiesis |
Formation of blood cells |
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Red blood cells |
Also called erythrocytes, bioconcave disc, lack nuclei and connot divide (mitosis). With O2: bright red. Without O2: dark red. Reduced red blood cell count- reduced ability to carry oxygen |
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Erythropoiesis |
Negative feedback system, uses erythropoietin |
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White Blood Cells |
Also called leukocytes, develop from hematopoietic stem cells, protect against disease, produced in red bone marrow |
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Granulocytes |
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
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Agranulocytes |
Lymphocytes (T cells attack pathogens, B cells antibodies), Monocytes (largest WBC, leave blood to become macrophages) |
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Platelets |
Help in hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding) |
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Blood plasma |
Liquid portion of blood, clear. Transports nutrients, gases, hormones, vitamins, and waste products. Plasma proteins = most abundant solute |
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Most important blood gases |
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide |
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Non protein Nitrogenous Substances |
Urea, Amino acid, creatine |
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Electrolytes found in blood plasma |
Sodium, potassium, calcium |
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Vascular spasm |
First response after breaking blood vessel. Short-lived mechanism in which the damaged vessel narrows to minimize blood loss |
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Platelet plug formation |
Triggered by exposure of platelets to collagen |
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Blood coagulation |
Most effective hemostatic mechanism, occurs within 5 to 15 minutes |
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Antigen |
Any molecule that evokes an immune response |
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Antibodies |
Proteins that react against a specific antigen |
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Cardiovascular |
Refers to both heart and blood vessels |
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Cardiovascular |
Refers to both heart and blood vessels |
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Pulmonary circuit |
Transports oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs, and back to heart |
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Systemic circuit |
Transports oxygen-rich blood from heart to all body cells, and back to heart |
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Adjacent Cardiac Muscle Cells |
Contract as a unit because they are connected by intercalated discs |
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Epicardium |
Outer layer, also called visceral pericardium |
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Myocardium |
Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue, thickest layer |
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Endocardium |
Inner layer, forms inner lining of heart chambers |
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Atria |
Thin-walled upper chambers; receive blood returning to heart |
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Auricles |
Flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion |
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Ventricles |
Thick-walled lower chambers, pump blood into arteries |
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Right Atrium |
Receives blood returning from systemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus) |
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Right ventricle |
Pumps blood to lungs |
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Left Atrium |
Receives blood from the four pulmonary veins |
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Left Ventricle |
Pumps blood to systemic circuit |
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AV Valves |
Guard the opening between the atrium and ventricle |
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Skeleton of the Heart |
Rings of dense, fibrous connective tissue, provide attachments for heart valves and muscle fibers |
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Interatrial Septum |
Thin wall that separates the right and left atrium |
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Right and Left Coronary Arteries |
Supply blood to tissues of the heart, first two branches of the aorta |
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Cardiac Center |
Located in medulla oblongata |
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Heart sounds |
Caused by vibrations from the closing of heart valves |
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Opening and Closing of Heart Valves |
Due to the rise and fall of blood pressure |
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SA node |
Contracts 70 times/min |
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AV Node |
Contracts 60 times/min |
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Purkinje Fibers |
Contract 45 times/min |
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Electrocardiogram (EKG) |
Recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle |
