A&p Unit 4

Front 1

Anterior lobe of the pituitary

Back 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 2

Posterior lobe of the pituitary

Back 2

Oxytocin

Front 3

Thyroid

Back 3

Calcitonin

Front 4

Parathyroid

Back 4

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 5

Adrenal

Back 5

Aldosterone

Front 6

Pancreas

Back 6

Insulin

Front 7

Pineal

Back 7

Melatonin

Front 8

Thymus

Back 8

Thymosin

Front 9

Pituitary gland locations

Back 9

Base of the brain

Front 10

Thyroid location

Back 10

Below the larynx, anterior and lateral to teachea

Front 11

Parathyroid location

Back 11

Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Front 12

Adrenal location

Back 12

On top of each kidney

Front 13

Pancreas location

Back 13

Posterior to the stomach

Front 14

Thymus

Back 14

Above the heart

Front 15

_____glands are ductless and secrete into the bloodstream, while _____ glands have ducts and secrete into the target tissue

Back 15

Endocrine, exocrine

Front 16

Two actions of hormones

Back 16

1. Release into extracellular spaces 2. diffuse into bloodstream for distribution through the body

Front 17

T o F: steroid hormones are devised from lipids and proteins

Back 17

False. Cholesterol

Front 18

The nervous system communicates by releasing _______ and the endocrine system communicates by releasing _____

Back 18

Neurotransmitters, hormones

Front 19

The nervous and endocrine systems both focus of what?

Back 19

Communication

Front 20

T o F: the three types of thermoreceptors are free nerve endings, warm receptors, and cold receptors

Back 20

False. Pain, warm, and cold receptors

Front 21

Palpabrae

Back 21

Eyelids

Front 22

Cornea

Back 22

Helps focus light Ray's and transmits and refracts light

Front 23

Sclera

Back 23

Protects eye, attaches muscles

Front 24

Iris

Back 24

Controls light entering eye

Front 25

Aqueous humor

Back 25

Fluid in anterior cavity of eye

Front 26

Lens

Back 26

Transparent, biconvex, lies behind iris, elastic, held in place by suspensory ligaments of ciliary body; helps focus light rays, and changes shape for long-distance or close vision

Front 27

Pupil

Back 27

Is window or opening in center of iris

Front 28

Sensation

Back 28

A feeling that occurs when brain becomes aware of sensory info

Front 29

Perception

Back 29

The way the brain interprets the sensory info

Front 30

Projection

Back 30

Process in which cerebral cortex interprets sensation as being derived from certain receptors

Front 31

Sensory adaptation

Back 31

Ability to ignore unimportant stimuli

Front 32

Referred pain

Back 32

Visceral pain may feel as if coming from some other part of the body

Front 33

Chemoreceptors

Back 33

Respond to changes in chemical concentrations

Front 34

Pain receptors

Back 34

Respond to tissue damage

Front 35

Thermoreceptors

Back 35

Respond to moderate changes in temperature

Front 36

Mechanoreceptors

Back 36

Respond the mechanical forces that distort receptor

Front 37

Photoreceptors

Back 37

Respond to light

Front 38

Both types of pain fibers

Back 38

A-Delta: myelinated, sharp acute pain in localized area. C: unmyelinated, dull, aching pain

Front 39

Eyes, ears, nose, and mouth are examples of ____ senses

Back 39

Special

Front 40

Proprioception

Back 40

Defined as mechanreceptors that send info to CNS about body position, and length and tension of skeletal muscles

Front 41

T o F: the three bones of the middle ear are meatus, incus, and stapes

Back 41

False. Malleus. Incus. Stapes.

Front 42

Muscle contraction that occurs during loud sounds, to lessen the transfer of sound vibrations to inner ears and prevent damage to hearing receptors

Back 42

Typanic reflex

Front 43

T o F: the two divisions of the PNS are sensory and motor

Back 43

False

Front 44

Frontal lobe association

Back 44

Emotional behavior, judging consequences of behavior

Front 45

Parietal lobe association

Back 45

Choosing words to Express thoughts and feeling

Front 46

Temporal lobe association areas

Back 46

Store memories of visual scenes, music, and complex patterns

Front 47

Occipital lobe association areas

Back 47

Analyze and combine visual images with other sensory experiences

Front 48

Insula

Back 48

Translating sensory info into proper emotional responses

Front 49

T o F: Short-term memory changes the structure of function of neurons when info is presented to the brain

Back 49

False

Front 50

The arachnoid mater later of the meninges contains _______, which lubricates, nourishes, and protects the brain and spinal cord

Back 50

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 51

The three layers of meninges are the _____, ______, and pia mater

Back 51

Arachnoid, dura

Front 52

_________ is responsible for understanding and formulating language

Back 52

Wernicke's area

Front 53

_______ controls the muscles needed for speech

Back 53

Broca's area

Front 54

Thalamus

Back 54

Channels impulses to appropriate part of cerebral cortex for interpretation

Front 55

Hypothalamus

Back 55

Maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities, such as heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, water & electrolyte balance, hunger, body weight, movement and glandular secretion in digestive tract, sleep and wakefulness, pituitary gland function

Front 56

Limbic system

Back 56

Controls emotional responses, feelings, behavior oriented toward survival

Front 57

Midbrain

Back 57

Controls bundles of fibers that join lower parts of brainstem and spinal cord with higher part of the brain

Front 58

Pons

Back 58

Helps regulate rhythm of breathing

Front 59

Medulla oblongata

Back 59

Contains various non-vital control centers (coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting)

Front 60

4 major parts of the brain

Back 60

Cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum and brainstem

Front 61

4 functions of cerebral cortex

Back 61

1. Interpreting impulses from sensory organs 2. Initiating voluntary movements 3. Storing info as memory 4. Retrieving stored info

Front 62

T o F: the three parts of the diencephalon are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary

Back 62

False. Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Front 63

The five lobes of the cerebrum are frontal, _______, temporal, ________, and Insula

Back 63

Parietal. Occipital.

Front 64

T o F: the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 64

True

Front 65

Purpose of the autonomic nervous system

Back 65

Controls visceral activities, regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Front 66

Hyperpolarized

Back 66

If membrane potential becomes more negative

Front 67

Depolarized

Back 67

If membrane potential becomes more positive

Front 68

All or none response

Back 68

If a neuron axon responds at all, it responds completely, with an action potential

Front 69

Absolute refractory period

Back 69

Time when threshold stimulus cannot generate another action potential

Front 70

Relative refractory period

Back 70

Time when only high intensity stimulus can generate another action potential

Front 71

Saltatory conduction

Back 71

Action potentials "jump" from node to node down the axon

Front 72

Synaptic transmission

Back 72

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another

Front 73

Convergence

Back 73

One neuron receives input from several neurons

Front 74

Divergence

Back 74

One neuron sends impulses to several neurons

Front 75

Refractory period

Back 75

During an impulse, the portion of the axon actively conducting the action potential is not able to respond to another threshold stimulus of normal strength

Front 76

T o F: the gaps in the myelin sheath between schwann cells are called neuron gaps

Back 76

False.

Front 77

Two main cells of the nervous system

Back 77

Neuroglia, neurons

Front 78

________ wrap tightly around axon in layers composed of myelin, a lipoprotein mixture

Back 78

Schwann cells

Front 79

Process of an action potential

Back 79

At rest the membrane is polarized, threshold stimulus reached, sodium channels open and membrane depolarizes, potassium leaves and then repolarizes

Front 80

Motor

Back 80

Impulses are carried to effectors

Front 81

Integrative

Back 81

Nervous system coordinates sensory info to create sensation, memory, thoughts. Nervous system makes decisions on body's response to sensory info

Front 82

Sensory

Back 82

Info is carried to the CNS