A&p Study Guide - Final 2/3

Front 1

Na+/K+-ATPase is considered an electrogenic pump because

Back 1

it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

Front 2

What is keratinization

Back 2

cells accumulating a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin

Front 3

This layer of skin is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers

Back 3

dermis

Front 4

what is albinism

Back 4

inherited inability to produce melanin

Front 5

name 4 characteristics of thick skin

Back 5

1)found palms, soles of feet, fingertips 2) does not contain hair follicles 3)contains more sweat glands 4) contain epidermal ridges

Front 6

Another name of the subcutaneous layer

Back 6

hypodermis

Front 7

layer of skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 7

epidermis

Front 8

keratin is...

Back 8

a protein

Front 9

these epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance

Back 9

Langerhans cells

Front 10

this layer of the epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes

Back 10

statum basale

Front 11

this layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis

Back 11

stratum granulosum

Front 12

which dermal layer is present only in thick skins?

Back 12

stratum lucidum

Front 13

constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus, which is the thickening of the ___ of the epidermis

Back 13

stratum corneum

Front 14

this is the fine pigmented skin that covers the body of the fetus

Back 14

lanugo

Front 15

this type of exocrine gland is a simple, branched acinar gland connected to a hair follicle.

Back 15

sebaceous gland

Front 16

which structure helps prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

Back 16

oil glands

Front 17

This type of exocrine gland is a simple, coiled tubular gland that is found throughout almost the entirety of the skin

Back 17

eccrine sweat gland

Front 18

this type of scar tissue extends beyond the boundary of an injury

Back 18

keloid scar

Front 19

one function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides

Back 19

marrow

Front 20

this is the region of the long bone that articulates with other bones

Back 20

epiphysis

Front 21

this is the long shaft of the bone

Back 21

diaphysis

Front 22

this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint

Back 22

articular cartilage

Front 23

this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length

Back 23

epiphyseal plate

Front 24

this is the region of the long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Back 24

metaphysis

Front 25

this is the fibrous covering on the surface of the bone that is involved in thickening of the bone

Back 25

periosteum

Front 26

list bone cells in the order from unspecialized to high specialized

Back 26

osteogenic- osteoblasts - osteocytes - osteoclasts

Front 27

bone building cells

Back 27

osteoblasts

Front 28

bone dissolving cells

Back 28

osteoclasts

Front 29

which structure contains osteocytes?

Back 29

lacunae

Front 30

these are extensions of the lacunae filled with extracellular fluid

Back 30

canaliculi

Front 31

osteons in compact bone are aligned

Back 31

parallel to the length of the diaphysis

Front 32

T/F: bone remodeling occurs at different rates in compact bone and spongy bone

Back 32

FALSE

Front 33

What is the yearly renewal rate for compact bone tissure ? (%)

Back 33

4%

Front 34

which minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

Back 34

calcium and phosphorus

Front 35

List for the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis

Back 35

R-P_H-C

Front 36

which four things contribute significantly to bone remodeling and growth

Back 36

parathyroid hormones, vitamin D, sex steroids, human growth hormone

Front 37

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is seen only in children

Back 37

greenstick

Front 38

about 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone

Back 38

tibia

Front 39

bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

Back 39

parathyroid hormone

Front 40

an increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

Back 40

calcitonin and calcitriol

Front 41

what is orthopedics?

Back 41

branch of medicine that deals with the correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Front 42

how many bones in the adult human skeleton

Back 42

206

Front 43

how many in the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton?

Back 43

axial - 80, appendicular -126 (includes pelvis)

Front 44

what kind of bone is the femur

Back 44

long bone

Front 45

what kind of bone is the occipital bone

Back 45

flat bone

Front 46

what kinds of bones are the ankles and wrists

Back 46

short bones

Front 47

an opening or hole through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a

Back 47

foramen

Front 48

a rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a

Back 48

head

Front 49

a prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a

Back 49

crest

Front 50

T/F: the bones of the skull contain foramina but no fissures

Back 50

false

Front 51

these cranial bones form the interior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

Back 51

temporal

Front 52

these cranial bones contain the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible

Back 52

temporal

Front 53

this is the point of attachment for several neck muscles

Back 53

mastoid process

Front 54

these projections found on both sides of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae

Back 54

occipital condyles

Front 55

which bone is the "keystone" of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone

Back 55

sphenoid

Front 56

this is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

Back 56

clavicle

Front 57

this bone has an S shape that includes the medial half of the bone being convex anteriorly and the lateral half being concave anteriorly.

Back 57

clavicle

Front 58

which of the following bones articulates with the scapula?

Back 58

humerus

Front 59

this part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

Back 59

sternal end

Front 60

what is the "impression for the costolavicular ligament"

Back 60

the following bone marking on the clavicle that serves as an attachment site.

Front 61

Why does a fracture of the clavicle usually occur in the midregion of the bone?

Back 61

due to the weakness of the junction of the two curves of the clavicle

Front 62

know where the scapula is

Back 62

posterior thorax bw the levels of 2nd and 7th vertabrae

Front 63

which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity

Back 63

humerous

Front 64

this is the thick edge of the scapula that is closer to the arm

Back 64

axillary border

Front 65

which bone marking is the located in the most superior position on the scapula?

Back 65

acromion

Front 66

which bone marketing is located in the anterior surface on the scapula?

Back 66

subscapular fossa

Front 67

what is the scapular notch used for?

Back 67

passageway for the suprascapular nerve

Front 68

which bone marking on the scapula is an indention into which the head of the humerous fits?

Back 68

glenoid cavity

Front 69

the human hand has how many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges?

Back 69

8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges

Front 70

the glenohumeral joint is formed by the articulation of the

Back 70

humerous and scapula

Front 71

the epihyseal line on the proximal end of the humerus

Back 71

anatomical neck?? check this. could be surgical neck

Front 72

which direction does the lesser tubercle of the humerous project?

Back 72

anteriorly

Front 73

the deltoid tubercle of the humerus is found where?

Back 73

along the middle region of the shaft.

Front 74

the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the

Back 74

radius

Front 75

what is found on the proximal end of the humerus?

Back 75

intertubercular sulcus

Front 76

The ___ is found on the proximal end of the humerous.

Back 76

intertubercular sulcus

Front 77

this is a spool shaped process on the distal end of the humerus that is found medial to the capitulum and articulates with the ulna.

Back 77

trochlea

Front 78

this type of joint lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue

Back 78

fibrous joint

Front 79

which kind of joints do not have a synovial cavity ?

Back 79

fibrous and cartilaginous joints

Front 80

this functional class of joints contains joints that are freely moveable

Back 80

diarthrosis

Front 81

which type of fibrous joint is composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull

Back 81

suture

Front 82

the functional joint classification that a suture joint fits into is

Back 82

synarthrosis

Front 83

this type of fibrous joint, the connective tissue is typically arranged either as a bundle or as a sheet

Back 83

syndemoses

Front 84

what kind of joint is also called a dentoalveolar joint?

Back 84

gomphosis

Front 85

T/F: Gomphosis, Synchondrosis, and Sutures are all classified as synarthorsis in adults.

Back 85

TRUE

Front 86

The epiphyseal plate in the long bone is an example of this kind of joint.

Back 86

synchondrosis