Ap Stats Chapter 1-3

Front 1

Statistics

Back 1

a way of reasoning, along with a collection of tools and methods, designed to help us understand the world

Front 2

statistics

Back 2

particular calculations made from data

Front 3

data

Back 3

values along with their context

Front 4

statistics in a word?

Back 4

variation

Front 5

steps to doing statistics right

Back 5

think, show, tell

Front 6

context

Back 6

tells who was measured, what was measured, how the data were collected, where the data were collected, and when and why the study was performed

Front 7

data (more specific)

Back 7

systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together with its context

Front 8

data table

Back 8

arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable

Front 9

case

Back 9

individual about whom or which we have data

Front 10

variable

Back 10

hold information about the same characteristic for many cases

Front 11

categorical variable

Back 11

variable that names categories (words or numerals)

Front 12

quantitative variable

Back 12

variable in which the numbers act as numerical values

Front 13

units

Back 13

quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement, such as dollars, hours, or grams

Front 14

frequency

Back 14

counts

Front 15

frequency table

Back 15

lists categories in a categorical variable and gives the count for each category

Front 16

relative frequency table

Back 16

table with percentage of observations

Front 17

distribution

Back 17

gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value

Front 18

area principle

Back 18

in a statistical display, each data value should be represented by the same amount of area

Front 19

bar chart

Back 19

show a bar representing the count of each category in a categorical variable

Front 20

pie chart

Back 20

show how a "whole" divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category

Front 21

contingency table

Back 21

displays counts and sometimes percentages of individuals falling into named categories on two or more variables. It categorizes the individuals on all variables at once, to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be dependent on the category of the other

Front 22

marginal distribution

Back 22

in a contingency table, the distribution of either variable alone (the total column!)

Front 23

conditional distribution

Back 23

distribution of a variable restricting the who to consider only a smaller group of individual

Front 24

independence

Back 24

if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other

Front 25

what is dependent in stats?

Back 25

not independent (negate instead of taking of in)