A&p (Rosdahl/kowalski-Chpt 27) Urinary System

Front 1

An accumulation of water in the tissues is known as...

Back 1

Edema

Front 2

An abnormal decrease of water in the tissues is referred to as...

Back 2

Dehydration

Front 3

The Kidneys are said to be _______________, because they lie behind the peritoneum. This makes them accessible for surgery through the back.

Back 3

Retroperitoneal

Front 4

The right (Patient Right) kidney is slightly _____ in the abdomen because the liver takes up space on the body's right side.

Back 4

Lower

Front 5

The kidneys are heavily supplied with blood, which means they are extremely ________.

Back 5

Vascular

Front 6

A pair of properly functioning kidneys will filter approximately __% of the body's total blood volume, on any given day.

Back 6

Ten (10)

Front 7

The kidneys precisely regulate the body's ___________ levels.

Back 7

Electrolyte

Front 8

The kidneys act as a _____________ to prevent drastic or extreme changes in the blood pH levels. They do this by eliminating acids into the urine and excreting acids bound to chemical buffers.

Back 8

Buffer system

Front 9

Urine is approximately ____ times more acidic than blood because of the kidney's ability to excrete acids into the urine

Back 9

one thousand (1000)

Front 10

The kidney is divided into two parts, the outer portion called the ____________, and the inner portion called the _____________.

Back 10

Renal cortex (outer), renal medulla (inner)

Front 11

The functional units of the kidneys are located in the renal cortex and are called _______. They are the cells that FORM urine.

Back 11

Nephrons

Front 12

The ____________ acts as a collecting funnel to move urine from the kidneys into the ureters.

Back 12

Renal pelvis

Front 13

The cup like extensions which receive urine from the collecting tubules.

Back 13

Calyces (singular: Calyx)

Front 14

Approximately how many nephrons are located in each kidney?

Back 14

One million

Front 15

The _________ is a tiny cluster of capillaries located at one end of each nephron. It is partially enclosed by a funnel shaped structure called _____________.

Back 15

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule

Front 16

The _________ has three layers of tissues which allow waste products to pass and restrict RBCs and blood proteins. The capillaries loop the remaining blood products back into the bloodstream

Back 16

Glomerulus

Front 17

This receives the waste products from the glomerulus in diluted form

Back 17

Bowman's capsule

Front 18

The blood vessel leading into the glomerulus is much larger than the one looping back out and is called the...

Back 18

Afferent arteriole

Front 19

The blood vessel leading out of the glomerulus is much smaller than the one leading in and is called the...

Back 19

Efferent arteriole

Front 20

The convoluted tube exits Bowman's capsule and is divided into three sections, they are...

Back 20

The proximal convoluted tube (PCT), the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tube (DCT).

Front 21

The filtrate leaves the DCT and flows into the _________________.

Back 21

Collecting tubule

Front 22

The kidneys secrete two hormones which are...

Back 22

Renin and Erythropoietin

Front 23

The hormone secreted by the kidneys that influences blood pressure is...

Back 23

Renin

Front 24

The hormone secreted by the kidneys that influences red blood cells is...

Back 24

Erythropoietin

Front 25

Renin stimulates the formation of _____________, which converts to _____________ in the presence of special enzymes which raises blood pressure by causing the vessels to constrict.

Back 25

Angiotensin 1, Angiotensin 2

Front 26

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete ___________, which promotes sodium retention and water retention through osmosis.

Back 26

Aldosterone

Front 27

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the neurohypophysis to release ______________ hormone which increases the reabsorbtion of water in the kidneys, thereby decreasing blood volume and lowering BP

Back 27

Antidiuretic

Front 28

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the thirst center of the ____________ to increase fluid intake and thereby increase blood volume

Back 28

Hypothalamus

Front 29

The entire process that the secretion of renin by the kidneys initiates is called...

Back 29

Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone mechanism (RAA)

Front 30

Erythropoietin stimulates the stem cells in the red bone marrow to increase formation of RBCs, this process is called...

Back 30

Erythropoiesis

Front 31

Renal blood pressure is normally ______ than the rest of the body

Back 31

Higher

Front 32

Vitamin D is manufactured in the skin in a reaction to ___________ in sunlight. It is not usable until it has been converted by the liver and kidneys.

Back 32

Ultraviolet rays

Front 33

Vitamin D plays an important role in the absorption of _______ in the gastrointestinal tract

Back 33

Calcium

Front 34

individuals with renal disease are subject to _______ imbalances due to the fact that the kidneys are no longer able to convert vitamin D to a usable form.

Back 34

Calcium

Front 35

The capillaries most directly responsible for reabsorption of water, blood sugars, and salts back into the bloodstream.

Back 35

Peritubular capillaries

Front 36

The efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus and branches to form the ___________ capillaries, which intertwine around the convoluted tube to provide for reabsorption.

Back 36

Peritubular

Front 37

The peritubular capillaries reabsorb water, salts and sugar through ______ transport, _______ transport, and _______ pressure.

Back 37

Active, Passive, Osmotic