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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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study of behavior and the mind
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Behavior
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a natural process subject to natural laws
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The Mind
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sensations, memories, motive, emotions, thoughts, and other subjective phenomena particular to an individual or animal that aren't readily observed
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Dualism
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divides the world and all things in it into two parts: body and spirit; Greeks
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Pineal Gland
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location of mind and body interaction located deep within the brain at the top of the brain stem; Rene Descartes
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Reflexes
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immediate unconscious reaction to an environmental event, not controlled by mind; Rene Descartes
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Empiricism
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acquisition of truth through observations and experiences; John Locke
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Materialism
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belief that the only things that exist are matter and energy; Thomas Hobbes
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Natural Selection
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all creatures have evolved into their present state over long periods of time; characteristics that promote survival; Charles Darwin
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Structuralism
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understanding of all the parts of the mind would lead to the understanding of the greater structure of the mind; Edward Titchener
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Functionalism
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function of the mind; important to understand how the mind fulfulls its purpose; William James
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Biological Psychology
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seeks to understand the interactions between anatomy, physiology, and behavior; directly applying biological experimentation to psychological problems; CAT, MRI, EEG, PET scans
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Behavioral Genetics
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related to Biological Psychology; particular behaviors are attributed to particular psychological characteristics that are genetically based
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Behaviorism
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phsycology is the study of observable behavior; mind and mental events are unimportant(cant be observed)
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Classical Conditioning
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(behaviorism); Ivan Pavlov; John Watson; Little Albert Experiment
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Operant Conditioning
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(behavioral); B.F. Skinner; subject learns that a behavioral response will have an environmental outcome
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Behavior Modification
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set of techniques in which psychological problems are considered to be the product of learned habits, which can be unlearned by the application of behavioral methods
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Cognitive Psychology
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to understand people's behavior, we much first understand how they construe their environment; how they think; combines structuralist and functionalist approach; largely replaces the behavioral approach
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Cognitive Psychology Methods
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reaction-time tasks, computer models, self reports
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Humanistic Approach
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roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness of human condition; holistic approach to the study of personality; emphasizes personal values and goals and how they influence behavior rather than attempting to divide a personality into smaller subcomponents
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Self-Actualization
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Abraham Maslow; need for individuals to reach their full potential in a creative way
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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theory of human behavior; Sigmund Freud, concerned with individuals unconscious and mental problems; importance of early life in development of personality; psycho dynamic theories
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Consciousness
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mental state of awareness to which we have ready access
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Unconscious
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mental processes to which we do not normally have access
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Sociocultural Approach
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the environment has a great deal to do with how a person behaves and how others perceive that behavior; cultural values vary from each society and must be taken into account when trying to understand, predict, or control behavior
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