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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
Unconditioned Response
In classical conditioning, the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth
Unconditioned Stimulus
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response
Conditioned Response
In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Stimulus
In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response
Extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for a stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
Taste Aversion
Becoming violently ill after eating a specific food, will probably result in having a hard time eating the food again
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Law Of Effect
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
Shaping
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Reinforcement
In operant conditioning, any even that strengthens the behavior it follows
Modeling
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Mirror Neurons
Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy
Observational Learning
Learning by observing others aka social learning
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
Reinforcement comes after a set number of behaviors
Example: Credit Card
Fixed-Interval Schedule
Reinforcement comes after a set time has passed
Example: Allowance every week
Variable-Ratio Schedule
Reinforcement comes and the number of remarks vary after a set number of behaviors
Example: Slot machine
Variable-Interval Schedule
Reinforcement comes after various amounts of time
Example: Pop Quiz
B.F. Skinner
Elaborated on Thorndike's Law of Effect and developed the operant chamber aka skinner box
Edward Thorndike
Says that behaviors followed by rewards are strengthened and behaviors followed by punishments are weakened
Ivan Pavlov
Believed classical conditioning is one way ALL organisms learn to adapt to their environment and showed that learning can be studied objectively (measured-saliva tube with dogs)