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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is hindsight bias?
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The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it. Also known as the "I-Knew-It-All-Along Phenomenon."
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What is theory?
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An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.
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What is hypothesis?
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A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
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What is operational definition?
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A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.
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What is replication?
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Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
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What is case study?
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An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
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What is survey?
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A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative random sample of them.
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What is false consensus effect?
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The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
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What is population?
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All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. (Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population.)
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What is random sample?
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A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
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What is naturalistic observation?
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Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
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What is correlation?
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A measure of the extent to which two factors very together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1.
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What is scatterplot?
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A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation.) (Also called a scattergram or scatter diagram.)
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What is illusory correlation?
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The perception of a relationship where none exists.
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What is critical thinking?
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Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
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