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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biological phenomenon
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Every idea, mood, memory, and behavior that an individual has ever experienced
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Phrenology
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theory that linked our mental abilities to bumps on the skull
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Biological Psychologists
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study links between biology and behavior
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Dendrites
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Receive messages from other neurons
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Neurons
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Neural system built up fro, billions of nerve cells, consists of a cell body and its branching fiber
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Axon
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Carries information to other neurons
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Myelin sheath
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insulates speed and transmission of info
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axon terminals
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sends info across the synapse
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers that affect mood
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nucleus
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contains DNA
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Action potential
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neural impulse or brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
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depolarization
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when sodium ions rush in cell
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polarization
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inactive neuron, also said to be at its resting potential
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repolarization
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when potassium ions rush out of the cell (fired)
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Inhibitory role
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- ions allowed in, prevents firing
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Excitatory role
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+ ions allowed in, causes firing
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All or none response
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The idea that increasing a stimulus above threshold will not increase a neural impulse's intensity
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Threshold
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The amount of excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals require to trigger a neural impulse
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Acetycholine
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enables muscle action, leaning, and memory
--> alzheimers |
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Dopeamine
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Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
-->tremors, parkinsons disease |
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Serotonin
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affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
lack --> depression |
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Norepinephrine
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controls alertness and arousal
lack --> depress mood |
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GABA
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Major inhibitory neurotransmitter, keeps brain calmed
--> seizures, tremors, insomnia |
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Glutamate
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Excitatory transmitter, involved in memory
-->overstimulate producing migraines or seizures |
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Agonist
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helps NT do job
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Antagonist
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blocks NT from doing job
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CNS
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Brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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sense receptors, muscles, glands
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nerves
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sensory and motor axons bundled into electrical cables
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sensory neurons
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carry info to CNS
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motor neurons
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carry info from CNS to PNS
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interneurons
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carry info from all intervened neurons in the CNS
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reflex
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automatic response to stimuli
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Neural networks
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work groups of neural clusters, produce results to learning
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Sonamic NS
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controls conscious thoughts and movements of skeletal muscles
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Autonomic NS
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controls unconscious thoughts and behaviors of internal organs
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Sympathetic
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AROUSAL
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Parasympathetic
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calm
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Lession
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Tissue Destruction
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EEG
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amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface
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CT scan
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examines the brain by taking x-ray photographs that can reveal brain damage
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PET scan
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a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a task
"food for thought" |
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MRI
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a technique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue
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Brainstem
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Oldest part and central core of the brain
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medulla
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controls heartbeat and breathing
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reticular formation
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nerve network in BS that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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thalamus
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sensory switchboard, receives all sense BUT smell
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cerebellum
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Influences one type of nonverbal learning and memory, major function is coordination of voluntary movement and muscle control
IMPLICIT |
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Hippocampus
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Processes memory
EXPLICIT |
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Limbic system
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regulates emotions and motivations
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hypothalamus
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Hunger, thirst, sex; pleasure center
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occipital lobe
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receives visual info form opposite visual field
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frontal lobe
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involved in speaking, muscle movement, making plans, and judgements
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parietal lobe
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registers and processes body sensations
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temporal lobe
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receives auditory info from the opposite ear
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amygdala
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neural centers linked to emotion, mainly fear and aggression
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pituitary gland
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secretes hormones that make you grow
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reward deficiency system
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A stem of genetic pleasure in the form of alcoholism, drug abuse, food binging, and other addictive disorders
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cerebral cortex
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the most complex functions of human behavior and the most developed
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Glial cells
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support, protect and nourish cortical neurons
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association areas
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areas of the brain that don't receive sensory information or direct movement but integrate and interpret information received by other regions
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aphasia
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impairment in language
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Broca's area
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involved in producing speech
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Wernickie's area
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involved in understanding speech
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angular gyrus
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involved in recoding printed words into auditory form
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plasticity
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the quality of the brain that makes it possible for the undamaged brain areas to take over the functions of damaged regions
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Left hemisphere
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words and logic
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Right hemisphere
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art, music, intuition
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sensory cortex
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registers and processes body sensations
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motor cortex
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control voluntary movements
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refractory period
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when ions are being pushed back to where they started
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