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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Divides structure into left and right side |
Sagittal Plane |
|
Divides the structure into superior and inferior parts
|
Transverse Plane |
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Divides the structure into anterior and posterior sides |
Coronal or Frontal Plane |
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Divides structure into right and left halves |
Midsagittal Plane |
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Space in the eye bounded by the cornea in the front and the lens in the back |
Anterior Cavity |
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Space in the eye bounded by the cornea in the front and the iris in the back |
Anterior Chamber |
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Space in the eye bounded by the lens in the front and the retina in the back |
Posterior Cavity (Vitreous Chamber) |
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Space in the eye bounded by the iris in the front and the lens in the back |
Posterior Chamber |
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Middle Vascular Coat |
Iris, Ciliary body, and Choroid |
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Outer Fibrous Coat |
Cornea and Sclera |
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Inner Neural Layer |
Retina |
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Tissue that carries impulses in the body |
Nerve Tissue |
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"Packing Peanuts" of the body |
Connective Tissue |
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Tissue that provides movement in the body |
Muscle Tissue |
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Lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body |
Epithelial Tissue |
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Control center of the cell |
Nucleus |
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Liquid portion of the cytoplasm |
Cytosol |
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"Powerhouse" of the cell |
Mitochondria |
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Site of protein synthesis |
Ribosomes |
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Separates inside of cell from outside of cell |
Cell Membrane |
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All the material inside the cell outside of the nucleus |
Cytoplasm |
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"Warehouse" of the cell |
Golgi Apparatus |
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Sacs filled with powerful digestive enzymes |
Lysosomes |
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Clear image is observed with no correction needed |
Emmetropia |
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Nearsightedness |
Myopia |
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Farsightedness |
Hyperopia |
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Away from midline |
Lateral |
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Toward the midline |
Medial |
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Away from head |
Inferior or Caudal |
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Farther away from the point of origin |
Distal |
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Toward the head |
Superior or Cranial |
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Toward the back |
Posterior or Caudal |
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Closer to the point of origin |
Proximal |
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Toward the front |
Anterior or Ventral |
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Performs the majority of refraction of light |
Cornea |
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Absorbs excess light entering the eye |
Choroid |
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Contains the Pupil |
Iris |
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White of the eye |
Sclera |
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Transition area of cornea to sclera |
Limbus |
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Produces Aqueous Humor |
Ciliary Body |
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T or F, the cells of the corneal endothelium are typically hexagonally shaped |
True |
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T or F, the surface layer of the Corneal Epithelium contains Microvilli and Micriplicae to assist in holding the Aqueous Humor to the anterior surface of the Cornea |
False |
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What is not a factor that would affect the amount of refraction of the cornea |
The diameter of the cornea |
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T or F, the surface layer of the corneal epithelium contains cells that get replaced as they slough off |
True |
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T or F, Myopia is usually caused by the eyeball being too short |
False |
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T or F, the Cornea is densely vascular used with blood vessels |
False |
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T or F, the Sclera of a newborn is usually bluish because the Sclera is so thick |
False |
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T or F, the Cornea is thinnest upon awakening, but will return to baseline thickness after a couple of hours |
False |
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T or F, Water content is precisely controlled in the Cornea |
True |
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T or F, Bownman's Layer does not regenerate if damaged |
True |
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T or F, Corneal Edema changes the Posterior Corneal Curvature rather than the Anterior Corneal Curvature |
True |
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T or F, the cells of the corneal endothelium constantly reproduce |
False |
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The place where the Aqueous Humor is absorbed into the bloodstream |
Canal of Schlemm |
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T or F, the Corneal Epithelium can heal rapidly ( in 24-48 hours) if the damaged area is small |
True |
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T or F, Damage to the storm results in formation of scar tissue |
True |
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T or F, damage to the Corneal Endothelium thulium is easily repaired by the replacement of the damaged cells with new ones |
False |
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The Integral Proteins in the Plasma Membrane of the cells of the Corneal Epithelium and Endothelium that act as channels to permit movement of water in and out of the cells are called? |
Aquaporins |
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Myopia usually developed between what ages? |
Ages 8-14 |
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Growth of abnormal blood vessels in the Corneal area is called _________? |
Neovascularization |
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T or F, Ultralight radiation is absorbed by the Corneal Endothelium |
False |
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T or F, Fuch's Dystrophy is a viral disease that leads to a loss of Corneal Endothelium function and can lead to stream Edema |
False |
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T or F, A Poorly fitting contact lens that does not allow adequate tear exchange can lead to Corneal Edema |
True |
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T or F, the storm is the thickest layer of the cornea |
True |
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The weakest area of the Sclera is called the_________ |
Lamina Cribosa |
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T or F, the Cornea is densely inner acted with sensory fibers |
True |
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T or F, most of the Oxygen supplied to the layers of the Cornea is supplied by the blood vessels of the Limbus |
False |
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T or F, Corneal Edema cause a reduced scattering of light by the cornea |
False |
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T or F, Healing of the Cornea Epithelium generally results in the formation of scar tissue |
False |
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T or F, Bowman's Layer of the cornea contains cells that are produced prenatally and do not reproduce |
True |
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T or F the innermost layer of the corneal epithelium is bound tightly to the layer beneath, Descemet's Membrane |
False |
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The layers of the cornea from anterior to posterior are: |
Epithelium Bowman's Layer Stroma Descemet's Membrane Endothelium |
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T or F, the middle layer of the corneal epithelium is composed of wing cells |
True |
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T or F, Decemet's Membrane is the basement membrane for the epithelium of the cornea |
False |
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T or F, the storm of the cornea contains Elastic Fibers, Keratinocytes, and Ground Substance |
False |
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T or F, Healing of the Cornea Epithelium generally results in the formation of scar tissue |
False |
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Circular ridge on the pupil |
Collarette |
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Middle layer of muscle tissue in the ciliary body |
Radial Muscle Fibers |
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Outermost layer of muscle tissue in the ciliary body |
Longitudinal Muscle Fibers |
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The specialized capillary bed of the choroid |
Choriocapillaris |
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Innermost layer of the choroid |
Bruch's Membrane |
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The junction of the ciliary body and the choroid |
Ora Serrata |
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The valve-less veins that collect blood from each quadrant of the eye |
Vortex Veins |
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Thinnest part of the Iris |
Iris Root |
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Region of the iris inside the collarette |
Pupillary Zone |
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Large size of pupil in low light conditions |
Mydriatic |
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Very small size of pupil in bright light conditions |
Miotic |
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Regulates the amount of light reaching the retina |
Pupil |
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Region of the iris outside the collarette |
Ciliary Zone |
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Outermost layer of the ciliary body |
Supraciliaris |
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The highly vascularized layer of the ciliary body |
Stroma |
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Innermost layer of muscle fibers in the ciliary body |
(Muller's) Annular Muscle |
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The shape of the Lens |
Bioconvex |
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Primary Zonules |
Fibers that attach lens to ciliary body |
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Fetal Nucleus |
Includes all lens fibers created before birth |
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Ciliary muscle is relaxed, zonules are stretched |
Far Vision |
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Attach primary zonules to each other |
Secondary Zonules |
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Adult Nucleus |
Includes all lens fibers created up to the time of sexual maturation |
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Embryonic Nucleus |
Core of the lens |
|
Epithelium-Fiber Interface |
Border between apical membrane of anterior epithelium and apical membrane of elongating lens fibers |
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Tension Fibers |
Anchor primary zonules to ciliary valley |
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Ciliary muscle is contracted, zonules are relaxed |
Near Vision |
|
Diabetic Cataract |
Caused by elevated glucose levels |
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Cataract |
Any lens opacity |
|
Lens Capsule |
Gives the lens protection from infectious viruses and bacteria |
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Crystalline |
Proteins of the lens fibers |
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Age-Related Nuclear Cataract |
Due to a decline in glutathione |
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Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (PSC) |
May be due to radiation damage from radiation treatments |
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Brunescence |
Dark-brown concentration of pigment that may accumulate in the lens |
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Age-Related Cortical Cataract |
Due to high lifetime exposure to UVR |
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Presbyopia |
Loss of accommodative ability of lens over time |
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The lens first appears as the_____ |
Lens Vesicle |
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The center of the anterior lens is called______ |
Anterior Pole |
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The _____is the transparent envelop that surrounds the entire lens |
Lens Capsule |
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The main medication used to treat IOP |
Prostaglandins |
|
Cribiform Layer |
Connective tissue that separates the Canal of Schlemm from the Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Cribiform Layer |
Connective tissue that separates the Canal of Schlemm from the Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Trabecular Meshwork |
Flattened, perforated sheets of collagen and elastic fibers |
|
Cribiform Layer |
Connective tissue that separates the Canal of Schlemm from the Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Trabecular Meshwork |
Flattened, perforated sheets of collagen and elastic fibers |
|
Canal of Schlemm |
Blood vessel that absorbs Aqueous Humor |
|
Cribiform Layer |
Connective tissue that separates the Canal of Schlemm from the Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Trabecular Meshwork |
Flattened, perforated sheets of collagen and elastic fibers |
|
Canal of Schlemm |
Blood vessel that absorbs Aqueous Humor |
|
Corneoscleral Meshwork |
Outer region of Trabecular Meshwork |
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Uveal Meshwork |
Inner region of Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Uveal Meshwork |
Inner region of Trabecular Meshwork |
|
Scleral Spur |
Attachment site for Trabecular Meshwork |
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Hyalocytes |
Vitreous Cells |
|
Hyalocytes |
Vitreous Cells |
|
Intermediate Zone |
Middle Vitreous Zone |
|
Hyalocytes |
Vitreous Cells |
|
Intermediate Zone |
Middle Vitreous Zone |
|
Vitreous Cortex |
Outermost Vitreous Zone |
|
Hyalocytes |
Vitreous Cells |
|
Intermediate Zone |
Middle Vitreous Zone |
|
Vitreous Cortex |
Outermost Vitreous Zone |
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Area of Martegiani |
Funnel-shaped space at the optic nerve head |
|
Hyalocytes |
Vitreous Cells |
|
Intermediate Zone |
Middle Vitreous Zone |
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Vitreous Cortex |
Outermost Vitreous Zone |
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Area of Martegiani |
Funnel-shaped space at the optic nerve head |
|
Cloquet's Canal |
Innermost Vitreous Zone |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Eyelids |
Form from folds of surface ectoderm |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Eyelids |
Form from folds of surface ectoderm |
|
Lacrimal Gland |
Not fully developed until age 3 or 4 |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Eyelids |
Form from folds of surface ectoderm |
|
Lacrimal Gland |
Not fully developed until age 3 or 4 |
|
Foveola |
Last area of neural retina to reach maturity |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Eyelids |
Form from folds of surface ectoderm |
|
Lacrimal Gland |
Not fully developed until age 3 or 4 |
|
Foveola |
Last area of neural retina to reach maturity |
|
Cones |
First photoreceptor to differentiate |
|
Primary Germ Layers |
Form Embryonic Plate |
|
Form from folds of surface ectoderm |
Eyelids |
|
Not fully developed until age 3 or 4 |
Lacrimal Gland |
|
Last area of neural retina to reach maturity |
Foveola |
|
First photoreceptor to differentiate |
Cones |
|
Created from the lip of the optic cup |
Iris |
|
Formed by atrophy of cells or assimilation of cells into nearby structures |
Anterior Chamber |
|
Influence one developing structure has on another |
Induction |
|
Produced from Optic Stalk |
Optic Nerve |
|
First Stage of eye development |
Optic pits |