Ap Nsl Midterm Unit One Vocab

Front 1

Principals of Democracy

Back 1

1- FREEDOM OF SPEECH, DEBATE, AND ENQUIRY
2- POPULAR DEMOCRACY (the people retain and exercise the policy-making and law-making initiative, rather than being subject to it. )
3- OPEN, ACCOUNTABLE AND DIVERSE MASS MEDIA
4- ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY FOR THE PEOPLE
5- EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW

Front 2

Common Good

Back 2

The good of a community;
That which benefits society as a whole; health, safety, and welfare. Also known as public good.

Front 3

Representative Democracy

Back 3

A political system in which citizens periodically elect individuals to represent them in government.

Front 4

Limited Government

Back 4

a government structure where any more than minimal governmental intervention in personal liberties and the economy is not usually allowed by law, usually in a written Constitution. The Magna Carta and the United States Constitution are examples of the limiting of government powers.

Front 5

Federalism

Back 5

the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units

Front 6

Separation of Powers

Back 6

division of governmental authority among the three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial branch. The US Constitution uses this principle in setting up the presidency, the Congress, and the courts. Similar to checks and balances, the separation of powers is the division of responsibilities among the three branches of government, which is meant to prevent one branch from becoming to powerful.

Front 7

Checks and Balances

Back 7

a system for the three branches of government to check each other and prevent one from overpowering the others

Front 8

Rule of Law

Back 8

the principle that no one is above the law

Front 9

Framers of the Constitution

Back 9

The people who drafted the United States Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation, in 1787.

Front 10

McCulloch vs Maryland

Back 10

This fundamental case established the following two principles:

1. The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
2. State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

Front 11

Amendment Process

Back 11

The authority to amend the Constitution of the United States. An amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures.

Front 12

Consent of the Governed

Back 12

a political theory stating that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power are, or ought to be, derived from the people or society over which that power is exercised.

Front 13

Majority Rule

Back 13

a decision rule that selects one of two alternatives, based on which has more than half the votes.

Front 14

Popular Sovereignty

Back 14

The rule by the people.

Front 15

Elastic Clause

Back 15

a statement in the US Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

Front 16

Devolution

Back 16

Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a state to government at national, regional, or local level. It differs from federalism in that the powers devolved may be temporary and ultimately reside in central government, thus the state remains, de jure, unitary.

Front 17

Shay's Rebellion

Back 17

a rebellion led by ex-Revolutionary War soldiers to prevent forecloses on farms.

Highlighted the weakness of the Confederation

Front 18

10th Amendment

Back 18

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Front 19

Commerce Clause

Back 19

states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with the Indian tribes.

Front 20

Full Faith and Credit

Back 20

a guarantee to pay interest and principal on debt; usually issued by the United States Treasury

Front 21

Powers denied to National Government

Back 21

* May not violate the Bill of Rights
* May not impose export taxes among states
* May not use money from the Treasury without the passage and approval of an appropriations bill
* May not change state boundaries
* Grant titles of nobility
* Permit slavery (13th Amendment)
* Deny citizens the right to vote due to race, color, or previous servitude (15th Amendment)
* Deny citizens the right to vote because of gender (19th Amendment)

Front 22

Powers denied to the State Government

Back 22

* May not enter into treaties with other countries
* May not print money
* May not tax imports or exports
* May not Impair obligations of contracts
* May not suspend a person's rights without due process
* Grant titles of nobility
* Permit slavery (13th Amendment)
* Deny citizens the right to vote due to race, color, or previous servitude (15th Amendment)
* Deny citizens the right to vote because of gender (19th Amendment)

Front 23

Powers delegated to Congress

Back 23

* The Congress shall have power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, [in order] to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

* To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

* To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

* To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization;

* To establish uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

* To coin [not print] Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin;

* To fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

* To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

* To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;

* To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

* To constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

* To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations;

* To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

* To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

* To provide and maintain a Navy;

* To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

* To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

* To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

* To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.

Front 24

Powers reserved

Back 24

powers that the United States Constitution does not give to the federal government, or forbid to the states, are reserved to the people or the states

Front 25

Powers Concurrent

Back 25

powers shared by the federal and state governments. These powers include the ability to make laws, roads, defense, parks and enforcement for police, prisons, health, and environment, to name a few.

Concurrent powers are exercised by both the nation and the states over the same areas of policy.

Front 26

Powers expressed

Back 26

Article I ; Section 8 ; In the Constitution

Front 27

Powers implied

Back 27

The powers exercised by Congress which are not explicitly given by the constitution itself.