A&p Lecture Quiz 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Science of the body structures and the relationships among them

Front 2

dissection

Back 2

careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships

Front 3

physiology

Back 3

science of body functions (how it works)

Front 4

complementarity

Back 4

both are required for other to work (Anatomy and Physiology)

Front 5

cell

Back 5

basic structural and functional unit of an organism. Smallest living units in the human body.

Front 6

tissue

Back 6

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

Front 7

organ

Back 7

structure that is composed of two or more different types of tissues that has a specific function

Front 8

organ system

Back 8

Related organs with a common function

Front 9

organism

Back 9

all the parts of the human body functioning together.

Front 10

integumentary system

Back 10

System for protection, regulating body temp, and providing sensory information

Front 11

Skeletal System

Back 11

System that provides support & protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells

Front 12

muscular system

Back 12

system that provides movement, provides protection & support for other tissues, generates heat that maintains body temperature.

Front 13

nervous system

Back 13

system that provides direct immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides & interprets sensory information about external conditions

Front 14

endocrine system

Back 14

system that directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity & energy use of the body, controls many structural and functional changes during development.

Front 15

Cardiovascular system

Back 15

system that distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide, distributes heat and assists in the control of body temp.

Front 16

Lymphatic System

Back 16

System that defends against infection & disease, and returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream.

Front 17

Respiratory system

Back 17

System that delivers air to alveoli, provides O2 to blood stream, removes CO2 from bloodstream, and produces sounds for communication.

Front 18

Digestive System

Back 18

system that processes and digests food, absorbs & conserves water, absorbs nutrients, and stores energy reserves.

Front 19

Urinary System

Back 19

System that excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, and regulates blood ion concentrations and pH.

Front 20

Reproductive system

Back 20

system that produces sex cells, sexual intercourse, and aids in the formation of children.

Front 21

reproduction

Back 21

production of a new individual. formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement.

Front 22

differentiation

Back 22

development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

Front 23

growth

Back 23

increase in body size that results from in creams in size of existing cells, increase in number of cells, or both.

Front 24

hypertrophy

Back 24

growth in size

Front 25

hyperplasia

Back 25

growth in number

Front 26

metabolism

Back 26

Sum of all chemical processes in the body.

Front 27

catabolism

Back 27

breakdown of complex chemical substances into small components

Front 28

anabolism

Back 28

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.

Front 29

responsiveness

Back 29

the body's ability to detect and respond to changes

Front 30

homeostasis

Back 30

condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment

Front 31

negative feedback loop

Back 31

reverses a change in a controlled condition

Front 32

positive feedback loop

Back 32

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions.

Front 33

stimulus

Back 33

any disruption that changes a controlled condition

Front 34

effector

Back 34

body structure that recieves output from control center and produces response or effect that changes the controlled condition

Front 35

anatomical position

Back 35

Main pose. Body is erect& upright, subject stands facing observer, head level and eyes facing directly forward, feet flat on floor & directed forward, upper limbs at sides with palms turned forward

Front 36

controlled condition

Back 36

a monitored variable

Front 37

receptor

Back 37

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center

Front 38

control center

Back 38

A part of the body that: Sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates input recieved from receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed

Front 39

cephalic

Back 39

relating to the head

Front 40

cervical

Back 40

neck

Front 41

auxillary

Back 41

armpit

Front 42

antecubital

Back 42

front of elbow

Front 43

phalangeal

Back 43

fingers

Front 44

femoral

Back 44

thigh

Front 45

patellar

Back 45

anterior surface of the knee

Front 46

crural

Back 46

leg

Front 47

tarsal

Back 47

ankle

Front 48

pedal

Back 48

foot

Front 49

frontal

Back 49

forehead

Front 50

temporal

Back 50

temple

Front 51

orbital

Back 51

eye

Front 52

otic

Back 52

ear

Front 53

buccal

Back 53

cheek

Front 54

nasal

Back 54

nose

Front 55

oral

Back 55

mouth

Front 56

mental

Back 56

chin

Front 57

sternal

Back 57

breastbone

Front 58

mammary

Back 58

breast

Front 59

thoracic

Back 59

chest

Front 60

adominal

Back 60

abdomen

Front 61

trunk

Back 61

chest, abdomen, pelvis

Front 62

pelvic

Back 62

pelvis

Front 63

umbilical

Back 63

naval

Front 64

coxal

Back 64

hip

Front 65

inguinal

Back 65

groin

Front 66

manual

Back 66

hand

Front 67

pubic

Back 67

pubis

Front 68

dorsum

Back 68

top of foot

Front 69

anterior

Back 69

ventral, front view

Front 70

ventral

Back 70

anterior, front view

Front 71

dorsal

Back 71

posterior, back view.

Front 72

posterior

Back 72

dorsal, back view

Front 73

occipital

Back 73

base of skull

Front 74

scapular

Back 74

shoulder blade

Front 75

vertebral

Back 75

spinal column

Front 76

lumbar

Back 76

loin, lower back

Front 77

olecranal

Back 77

back of elbow, cubital

Front 78

cubital

Back 78

back of elbow, olecranal

Front 79

sacral

Back 79

between hips

Front 80

gluteal

Back 80

buttock

Front 81

perineal

Back 81

region between anus and exterior genitalia

Front 82

popliteal

Back 82

hollow behind knee

Front 83

plantar

Back 83

sole of foot

Front 84

calcaneal

Back 84

heel of foot

Front 85

supine

Back 85

lying face up

Front 86

Prone

Back 86

lying face down

Front 87

superior

Back 87

toward head or upper part of structure

Front 88

inferior

Back 88

toward lower part of structure, away from head

Front 89

midline

Back 89

imaginary vertical line that divides body into equal right and left sides

Front 90

medial

Back 90

nearer to the midline

Front 91

lateral

Back 91

farther from midline

Front 92

ipsilateral

Back 92

on same side of body as another structure

Front 93

contralateral

Back 93

on opposite of body from another structure

Front 94

proximal

Back 94

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Front 95

distal

Back 95

farther from attachment of a limb to the trunk

Front 96

superficial

Back 96

toward or on surface of body

Front 97

deep

Back 97

away from surface of the body

Front 98

sagittal plane

Back 98

vertical plane that divides body or organ into right and left sides

Front 99

midsagittal plane

Back 99

passes through the midline, equal right and left sides. AKA median plane

Front 100

parasagittal plane

Back 100

not through midline, unequal right and left sides

Front 101

frontal plane

Back 101

vertical plane that divides body or organ into anterior(front) and posterior( back) portions

Front 102

transverse plane

Back 102

horozontal plane that divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. AKA cross sectional plane

Front 103

dorsal body cavity

Back 103

both cranial cavity and vertebral canal

Front 104

cranial cavity

Back 104

Formed by cranial bones, contains brain

Front 105

vertebral canal

Back 105

Formed by vertebral column, contains spinal cord and beginning of spinal nerves

Front 106

ventral cavity

Back 106

contains diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.

Front 107

thoracic cavity

Back 107

formed by ribs, sternum, thoracic portions of vertebral column, chest muscles. pericardial cavity, pleural cavities, and mediastinum

Front 108

pericardial cavity

Back 108

cavity within thoracic cavity of the trunk, fluid-filled space that surrounds heart

Front 109

pleural cavity

Back 109

fluid-filled spaces, one surrounding each lung

Front 110

mediastinum

Back 110

central part of throacic cavity, between lungs. contains all thoracic organs except lungs (heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, several large blood vessels)

Front 111

diaphragm

Back 111

dome-shaped muscle, separates thoracic cavity from adominopelvic cavity

Front 112

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 112

contains abdomen and plevis

Front 113

viscera

Back 113

organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 114

Hypochondriac Region (#)

Back 114

1&3

Front 115

Epigastric Region (#)

Back 115

2

Front 116

lumbar region (abdomninopelvic cavity) (#)

Back 116

4&6

Front 117

umbilical region ( #)

Back 117

5

Front 118

inguinal region (#)

Back 118

7&9

Front 119

hypogastric region(#)

Back 119

8

Front 120

histology

Back 120

the study of microscopic anatomy of cells, and tissues of plants and animals.

Front 121

epithelial tissue

Back 121

skin. Covers and lines

Front 122

tight junction

Back 122

transmembrane adhesion proteins connected from one cell to another

Front 123

desmosome

Back 123

connect intermediate filaments from one cell to another

Front 124

hemidesmosome

Back 124

transmembrane adhesion proteins bind cells to extracellular matrix

Front 125

basement membrane

Back 125

extracellular layer, point of attachment and support for overlying epithelial tissue

Front 126

innervated

Back 126

has nerves

Front 127

avasular

Back 127

no blood vessel supply

Front 128

apical surface

Back 128

faces body surface or cavity

Front 129

basal surface

Back 129

opposite apical surface. in deepest layer of epithelium , hemidesosomes link it to basement membrane.

Front 130

basal lamina

Back 130

closer to and secreted by epithelial cells

Front 131

reticular lamina

Back 131

closer to and secreted by underlying connective tissue

Front 132

secretion

Back 132

process by which substances are produced then released from a cell

Front 133

excretion

Back 133

the process of eliminating waste matter

Front 134

endocrine gland

Back 134

cells that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid then bloodstream without going through ducts.

Front 135

hormone

Back 135

regulates body

Front 136

exocrine gland

Back 136

cells that secrete substances directly onto free epithelial surfaces, onto free epithelial surfaces by ducts. can be unicellular or multicellular

Front 137

mixed gland

Back 137

both endocrine and exocrine

Front 138

unicellular

Back 138

one cell

Front 139

multicellular

Back 139

more than one cell

Front 140

merocrine secretion

Back 140

Most glands, cells release their products by exocytosis (saliva, digestive enzymes, and sweat)

Front 141

aprocrine secretion

Back 141

upper par of cell (apical) pinches off with secretory substance. (sweat and milk)

Front 142

Holocrine secretion

Back 142

whole cell dies and ruptures to release product. (sebaceous (oil) glands in skin)

Front 143

gap junction

Back 143

allows small molecules to pass easily from one cell to another.