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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Appositive Phrase
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Noun or noun phrase that tells you something about a nearby noun or pronoun
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Prepositional Phrase
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Contains a preposition, a noun, and an adjective
Usually tells when or where |
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Participial Phrase
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Phrase starts with a verb ending in -ing or -ed or -en
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Gerund Phrase
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Verb ending in -ing and functions as a noun
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Infinitive Phrase
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"to" + a verb
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Absolute Phrase
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Modifier missing an auxiliary verb (was, were)
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Independent Clause
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Stand alone as a complete sentence
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Subordinate Clause
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Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
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Coordination Conjunction
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FANBOYS joining sentences
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Subordination Conjunction
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If added, makes the sentence subordinate
ex. After, before, though, even if, because |
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Modifier
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Comes immediately before the word/phrase being modified
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Misplaced Modifier
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A modifier in the wrong place in a sentence
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Dangling Modifier
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Does not sensibly modify anything in the sentence
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Alliteration
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Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence
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Allusion
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Brief reference to a person, event, or a place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art
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Analogy
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A comparison between two things
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Anaphora
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Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines
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Antimetabole
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Repetition of words in reverse order
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Antithesis
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Opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction
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Apostrophe
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A figure of speech in which the writer addressed things that cannot reply, such as inanimate objects or ideas
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Asyndeton
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Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
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Hortative Sentence
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Sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action
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Imperative Sentence
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Sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat
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Juxtaposition
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Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts
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Metaphor
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Figure of speech that says one thing is another in order to explain by comparison
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Metonymy
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Using a single feature to represent the whole
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Motif
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A repeating / dominate idea
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Oxymoron
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Paradoxial juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another
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Personification
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Attribution of a life like quality to an inanimate object or idea
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Rhetorical Question
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Figure of speech in form of a question - for effect
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Zeugma
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Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way but producing different meanings
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Anecdote
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A short, amusing story about a real incident/person
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Hyperbole
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Exaggeration
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Irony
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An event that is contrary to what one expects
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Paradox
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A statement that contradicts itself and yet might be true
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Understatement
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The presentation of something being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is
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Ad Hominem
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Attacking the person of a source
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Appeal to Ignorance
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Arguing that a claim is true just because it has not been shown to be false
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Appeal to Pity
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Argument for special treatment
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Ad Populum
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Everybody is doing it
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Affirming the Consequent
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A deductive mistake of the form "if p then q. q. therefore, p."
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Begging the Question (Circular Argument)
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Using conclusion as premise
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Complex Question
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Posing a question that people cannot agree or disagree without committing themselves to something else
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Denying the Antecedent
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A deductive mistake of the form "if p then q. not p. therefore, not q."
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Equivocation
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Sliding from one meaning of a term in the middle of an argument
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False Cause
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Generic term for any questionable conclusion about cause and effect
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False Dilemma
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Reducing the options to only two
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Loaded Language
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Language that primarily plays on the emotions
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Non Sequitur
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Drawing a conclusion that does not follow the evidence
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Overgeneralizing
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Generalizing from too few examples
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Persuasive Definition
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Defining a term in a way that may seem to be straightforward but that is in fact loaded
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Poisoning the Well
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Using loaded language to disparage an argument before even mentioning it
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Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (Post Hoc Fallacy)
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Assuming causation too readily on the basis of mere succession in time
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Red Herring
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Introducing an irrelevant subject and diverting attention away from the main subject
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Straw Man
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A caricature of an opposing view, exaggerated from what anyone is really likely to hold
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Vehement
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Impassioned, intense anger/violent
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Admonitory
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Giving warning
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Belligerent
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Hostile and aggressive
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Callous
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Showing disregard for others
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Caustic
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Sarcastic in a bitter way
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Choleric
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Extremely irritable or easily angered
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Contemplative
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Prolonged thought
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Contemptuous
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Scornful and intolerant
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Obsequious
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Obedient or attentive to an excessive servile degree
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Didactic
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Intended to teach, moral instruction sometimes for an ulterior motive
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Droll
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Amusing in an odd way; whimsically humorous; waggish
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Facetious
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Not meant to be taken seriously or literally; sarcasm
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Fervent
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Having or showing great warmth or intensity or spirit, feeling, enthusiasm, etc.
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Genial
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Warmly and pleasantly cheerful
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Insolent
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Showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
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Audacious
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Extremely bold or daring; recklessly brave; fearless
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Manipulative
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To control or play upon by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to one's own advantage
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Morose
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Sullen, depressed, ill tempered
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Ominous
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Portending evil or harm; foreboding; threatening; inauspicious; having the significance of an omen
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Pensive
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Deep in though; wistful
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Poignant
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Keenly distressing to the feelings; keen or strong in mental appeal; affecting or moving the emotions
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Pretentious
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Attempting to impress by affect a greater importance, talent, skill than is actually possessed
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Resigned
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Acceptance that something undesirable cannot be avoided
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Sardonic
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Mocking and cynical
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Surly
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Bad-tempered and unfriendly
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Whimsical
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Playfully quaint or fanciful; in an appealing, amusing way
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Wistful
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Characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning; pensive; especially in a melancholy way
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Zealous
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Filled with or inspired by intense enthusiasm or zeal
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Benevolent
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Characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings
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