A&p Lab2: Axial Skeleton

Front 1

long bones

Back 1

much longer than they are wide.
ex: femur, humerus

Front 2

short bones

Back 2

have a cuboidal shape
ex: bones of wrist and ankle

Front 3

flat bones

Back 3

thin, flattened, and have a slightly curved shape.
ex: sternum, scapula, skull bones, ribs

Front 4

irregular bones

Back 4

dont fit into any other category.
ex: vertebrae, hip-bones

Front 5

sesamoid bones

Back 5

short bones embedded in a tendon.
ex: patella

Front 6

projections or processes

Back 6

the site of muscle and ligament attachment. some are also articulations between bones.

Front 7

depressions and openings

Back 7

allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through bones

Front 8

axial skeleton

Back 8

forms the vertical axis of the body. it supports and carries other body parts.
made of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Front 9

appendicular skeleton

Back 9

is attached to the axial skeleton and is responsible for movement.

Front 10

process

Back 10

general projection.
ex: xiphoid process of sternum

Front 11

tuberosity

Back 11

relatively large, rough area.
ex: radial tuberosity of radius

Front 12

tubercle

Back 12

relatively small bump
ex: lesser tubercle of humerus

Front 13

trochanter

Back 13

large bump on femur
ex: greater trochanter of femur

Front 14

condyle

Back 14

irregular, smooth, articulation surface.
ex: occipital condoyles

Front 15

epicondolye

Back 15

bump on a condoyle
ex: lateral epicondolye of femur

Front 16

head

Back 16

round articulation surface
ex: head of the ulna

Front 17

neck

Back 17

construction below head
ex: neck of the radius

Front 18

crest

Back 18

ridge
ex: anterior crest of the tibia

Front 19

line

Back 19

smaller ridge
ex: gluteal line of the ilium

Front 20

facet

Back 20

smooth, flat articulation surface
ex: superior articular facet of rib

Front 21

spine

Back 21

short and sharp projection
ex: ischial spine

Front 22

ramus

Back 22

branch
ex: superior ramus of pubis

Front 23

foramen

Back 23

shallow hole
ex: mental foramen

Front 24

meatus or canal

Back 24

deep hole
ex: external auditory meatus

Front 25

groove or sulcus

Back 25

long depression
ex: costal groove of rib

Front 26

fossa

Back 26

shallow depression
ex: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Front 27

notch

Back 27

deep depression
ex: subscapular notch of scapula

Front 28

sinus

Back 28

cavity
ex: ethmoid sinuses

Front 29

fissure

Back 29

long, deep cut-out
ex: superior orbital fissure

Front 30

skull is composed of

Back 30

cranium and facial bones

Front 31

orbit

Back 31

eye socket

Front 32

sutures

Back 32

interlocking joint that connect all bones of the skull, except the mandible

Front 33

intervertebral discs

Back 33

separate the vertebrae. prevents shock to the head and provides flexibility to the trunk

Front 34

primary curvatures

Back 34

found in the thoracic and sacral vertebrae. are well developed at the time of birth. create additional space for the internal organs

Front 35

secondary curvatures

Back 35

comprised of the cervical and lumbar vertebra. they form as a child develops the ability to hold its head up or walk.

Front 36

thoracic cage

Back 36

cone-shaped enclosure that protects the lungs and heart. consists of the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs.