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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
longer than wide with broad ends
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long bones
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exs. of long bones
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humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, femur, tibia,
fibula, metatarsals, phalanges |
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length and width close to equal
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short bones
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exs. of short bones
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carpal group, tarsal group and sesamoid bones (patella)
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thin, flat shape with parallel surfaces
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flat bones
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exs. of flat bones
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bones of the skull, ribs, sternum
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varied usually due to serving "many bosses"
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irregular bones
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exs. of irregular bones
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bones of face, vertebral column, coxal (hip)
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found lateral to midsagittal plane(the right one and left one are mirror-images)
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paired bones
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found medially in midsagittal plane
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single bones
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what forms the BONY THORAX
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a) Ribs
b) Sternum |
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forms the axial skeleton
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1) SKULL and HYOID BONE
2) VERTEBRAL COLUMN 3) BONY THORAX |
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forms APPENDICULAR SKELETON
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1) PECTORAL GIRDLE
2) UPPER LIMB 3) PELVIC GIRDLE 4) LOWER LIMB |
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skeleton of all the limbs, our appendages
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appendicular skeleton
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large rounded projection; roughened
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tuberosity
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narrow ridge of bone
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crest
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very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur)
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trochanter
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narrow ridge of bone
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line
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small rounded projection or process
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tubercle
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a bulge near a condyle, but not an articulating surface
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epicondyle
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sharp, slender, often pointed projection
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spine
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any bony prominence
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process
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an armlike bar of bone that is near a joint, but not an
articulating surface |
ramus
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narrow cylinder which supports a head
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neck
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bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
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head
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smooth, nearly flat articular surface
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facet
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rounded articular projection
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condyle
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canal like passageway
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meatus
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cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
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sinus
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shallow, basinlike depression in a bone
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fossa
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furrow
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groove
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narrow, slitlike opening
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fissure
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round or oval opening through a bone
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foramen
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function = protection of brain
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cranium
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composed of flat bones
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cranial vault
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composed of irregular bones
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cranial base
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grows quickly and matures in early childhood
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cranium
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surrounds the beginning of respiratory and digestive systems, also serves sensory and communication functions
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face
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growth matches skeleton growth, in general, and matures @ approx. 22 years
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face
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composed of irregular bones
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face
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forms the superior lateral and posterior aspects of the skill and forehead
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cranial vault (calvaria) (skullcap)
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forms the skills inferior aspect
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cranial base (cranial floor)
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house the eyebeals
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orbits
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constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage
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nasal cavity
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cinsists of 5 skull bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, & maxillary bones. contain mucosa-lined sinuses
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paranasal sinuses
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name the 6 cranial bones
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1) Frontal bone 2) Parietal bones 3) Occipital bone 4) Temporal bones 5) Sphenoid bone 6) Ethmoid bone
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name the 8 facial bones
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1) Mandible 2) Maxillae 3) Zygomatic bones 4) Nasal bones 5) Lacrimal bones 6) Palatine bones 7) Vomer bone
8) Inferior nasal conchae |
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anterior, superior portion of skull
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frontal bones
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thickened superior margines of the orbitals
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supraorbital margins
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supports the frontal lobes of the brain
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anterior cranial fossa
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pierces the ant. cranila fossa; allows the supraorbital artery and nerve to pass to the forehead
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supraorbital foramen (or notch)
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smooth portion of the frontal bone between the orbits
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glabella
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areas lateral to the glabella are riddles internally with these
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frontal sinuses
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superior lateral walls of the cranium
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Parietal bones
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where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull
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squamous suture
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parietal bones meet the frontal bone anteriorly
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coronal suture
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parietal bones meet superiorly at the cranial midline
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sagittal suture
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parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly
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lambdoid suture
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posterior, inferior aspect of skull
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Occipital bone
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supports the cerebellum
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posterior cranial fossa
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where the inferior part of the brain meets witht he spinal cord
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foramen magnum
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articulate with the first veterbra of the spinal column in a way that permits a nodding movement
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occipital condyles
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through which a nerve of the same name passes
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hypoglossal canal
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medial protrusion superior to the foamen magnum
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external occipital protuberance
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inferior to parietal bones
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Temporal bones
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abuts the squamous suture
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squamous region
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barlike; meets the zygomatic bone of the face anteriorly
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zygomatic process
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projection of your cheek formed from the zygomatic process and squamous region.
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zygomatic arch
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recieves the condyle of the mandible, forming the moveable temporomandibular joint
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mandibular fossa
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surrounds the ext. ear canal; aka eardrum
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tympanic region
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ext. ear canal where sound enters
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external auditory (acoustic) meatus
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attatchment point for several tongue and neck muscles
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styloid process
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exhibits the mastoid process
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mastoid region
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anchoring site for some neck muscles; lump just posterior to the ear
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mastoid process
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between the styloid and mastoid processes, allows cranil nerve VII to leave the skull
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stylomastoid foramen
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NOT paranasal
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mastoid sinuses
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part of the temporal bone contributes to the cranial base; looks like a ridge
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petrous region
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suports the temporal lobes; formed by spenoid bone and petrous portions
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middle cranial fossa -
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allows passage of the internal jugular vein and 3 cranial nerves
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jugular foramen
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transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial cavity
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carotid canal
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a jagged opening between the petroud temp. bone and sphenoid bone.
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foramen lacerum
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transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII
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internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
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location = middle of cranial floor
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Sphenoid bone
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within this are the spenoid sinuses
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body -
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make up the body of the sphenoid bone
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sphenoid sinuses -
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superior surface of the body has a saddle-shaped prminenece
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sella turcica –
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seat of the sella turcica saddle; forms a snug enclosure for the pituitary gland
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hypophyseal fossa –
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abutts anteroirly and posteriorly the fossa
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tuberculum sellae -
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abutts anteroirly and posteriorly the fossa
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dorsum sellae -
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the dorsum sellae terminates laterally in this
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posterior clinoid processes -
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horn-like form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
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lesser wings –
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provides an achoring site for securing the brain within the skull
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anterior clinoid processes
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trough shaped; projects inferiorly from the junction of the body and greater wings
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pterygoid processes -
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lie anterior to the sella turcica; allow optic nerves to pass to eyes
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optic canals -
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a long slit between the greater and lesser wings. allows cranial nerves that control eye movements to enter the orbit
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superior orbital fissure
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anterior to sphenoid bone
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Ethmoid bone
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provide passage ways for branches of cranial nerve V to reach the face
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foramen rotundum & foramen ovale
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help form the roof the of the nasal cavities and the floor of the anteroir cranial fossa
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cribriform plate -
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transmits the middle meningeal artery, which serves teh internal faces of some of the cranial bones
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foramen spinosum -
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project laterally from the body forming 3 parts
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greater wings
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a triangular process between the cribriform plates
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crista galli -
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projects inferiorly in the median plane and forms the superior part of the nasal septum
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perpendicular plate -
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flanking the perpendicular plateand riddled with ethmoid sinuses
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lateral mass -
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sinues of the ethmoid bone
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ethmoid sinuses -
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protrude into the nasal cavity; delicatly coiled
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superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates) -
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lateral surfaces of the ethmoids lateral masses
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orbital plates
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lower jaw
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mandible
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upper jaw
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Maxillary Bones or Maxillae
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carry the upper teeth
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alveolar margins
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means branches
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rami
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where each ramus meets the body posteriorly
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mandibular angle
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two processes are separated by this
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mandibular notch
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insertion point for the large temporalis muscle that elevates the lower jaw during chewing
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coronoid process -
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articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
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mandibular condyle
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openings on the lateral aspects of the madibular body
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mental foramen
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contains the sockets wehre the teeth are embedded
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alveolar margin -
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sockets for the teeth
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alveoli
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a slight depression in the midline of the madibular body
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mandibular symphysis -
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one on the medial surface of each ramus; permits the nerves for tooth sensation to pass to the teeth in the lower jaw
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mandibular foramina
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project posteriorly from the alveolar margins; forms anterior 2/3 of the hard palate,
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palatine processes
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serves as a passage way for blood vessels and nerves
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incisive fossa (foramen)
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extend superiorly to the frontal bone, forming part of the lateral nose bridge
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frontal processes
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largest of the paranasal sinuses
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maxillary sinuses
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the maxillae articulate with the zygomatic bones via ___
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zygomatic processes
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permits the sygomatic nerve, macillary nerve and blood vessels to pass to the face
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inferior orbital fissure
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allows the infraorbital nerve and artery to reach the face
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infraorbital foramen
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lateral and posterior to maxillae
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Zygomatic (malar) bones
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located at bridge of nose
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Nasal bones
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anterior, medial walls of orbit
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Lacrimal bones
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delicate finger-nail; contribute to the medial walls of each orbit
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lacrimal fossa
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posterior hard palate
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Palatine bones
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complete the posterior portion of the hard palate
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horizontal plates -
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form part of the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity and a small part of the orbitals
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perpendicular (vertical) plates -
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inferior nasal septum
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Vomer bone
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inferior lateral walls of nasal cavity
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Inferior nasal conchae (turbinates)
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anterior neck, inferior to mandible
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HYOID BONE
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support tongue above and larynx “voicebox” below
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hyoid bone
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a ring - lacks body or spinous process
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ATLAS vertebrae
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encloses spinal cord in vertebral foramen
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vertebral arch
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all vertebral foramina together form
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vertebral canal (spinal
cavity) |
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permits nodding
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atlas vertebrae
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allows pivoting of head
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dens (odontoid process)
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typical cervical vertebrae have ...(1-3)
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a) bifid spinous process
b) transverse foramina c) small body |
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ribs articluate to...
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- facets on the transverse processes of vertebrae
- facets or demi-facets on the bodies of vertebrae |
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protrude superiorly and inferiorly from the pedicle-lamina juntions
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superior articular processes
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forms the sacroiliac joint
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auricular surfaces
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two joints of the pelvis
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sacroiliac joint
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anterosuperior margin of the first sacral vertebra
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sacral promontory
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mark the lines of fusion of the sacral vertebrae
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transverse lines
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penetrate the sacrum at the lateral ends of ridges and transmit blood vessels and spinal nerves
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anterior sacral foramina
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