A&p Lab Quiz 2

Front 1

Centriole

Back 1

Organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters. Form the bases of cilia and flagella.

Front 2

Centrosome
(cell center)

Back 2

Region near the nucleus which houses the centrioles

Front 3

Cytoplasm

Back 3

Intracellular fluid; cellular material that surrounds the nucleus and is enclosed by the plasma membrane.

Front 4

Golgi appartus

Back 4

Packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes.

Front 5

Lysosome

Back 5

Used for degradation; sites of intracellular digestion.

Front 6

Microvilli

Back 6

Increases the surface area for absorption.

Front 7

Mitochondria

Back 7

Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell.

Front 8

Nuclear membrane
(Nuclear envelope)

Back 8

Bilayer that covers the nucleus; regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus.

Front 9

Nucleolus

Back 9

Where ribosomes are assembled.

Front 10

Nucleus

Back 10

Control center where DNA is made.

Front 11

Nucleoplasm

Back 11

A jelly-like fluid that encloses the nuclear envelope; contains dissolved salts, nutrients, and other essential solutes.

Front 12

Pinocytotic vesicle

Back 12

Brings in a small portion of the extracellular fluid or ions

Front 13

Plasma membrane

Back 13

Wall of the cell composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

Front 14

Ribosome

Back 14

Where protein is synthesized

Front 15

Cristae

Back 15

Final piece of the electron transport chain.

Front 16

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

Makes all the proteins secreted from cell and modifies it.

Front 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 17

1. Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of the lipid components of lipoproteins (in liver cells)
2. Synthesis of steriod-based hormones.
3. Absorption, synthesis,and transport of fats (in intestinal cells)
4. Detoxification (in liver and kidneys)
5. breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose ( in liver cells esp.)

Front 18

Vacuole

Back 18

Stores substances.

Front 19

Sperm cell

What is the function of the nucleus, flagellum, mitochondria, and acrosome?

Back 19

To carry 23 chromosomes to the oocyte for reproduction.

Front 20

How does the smooth muscle cell retain its shape?

Back 20

By its cyto-skeletal proteins

Front 21

How does the size of the neuron compare to the smooth muscle cell?

Back 21

The neuron (nerve cell) is larger.

Front 22

Nerve Cell body

Back 22

central part of the neuron

Front 23

Nerve cell processes

Back 23

The projections from the nerve cell body

Front 24

How long do you think a neuron can be?

Back 24

Very long (can extend throughout the entire body).

Front 25

Plasma

Back 25

Fluid that blood cells are suspended in.

Front 26

Why is the red blood cell (erythorocyte) thin in the middle?

Back 26

Best for oxygen attachment and detachment to hemoglobin.

Front 27

What is the function of the red blood cell (erthrocyte)?

Back 27

Transport

Front 28

White blood cell (leucocyte)

Back 28

Primary function is immunity; this cell is larger than the erythorocyte and is much less numerous. It has a nucleus and it's shape is circular.

Front 29

What is the function of the ciliated cells?

Back 29

Movement in a uniform way.

Front 30

What do goblet cells contain?

Back 30

Mucus to trap the debris the cilia is moving off.

Front 31

Cytokinesis

Back 31

completes the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Occurs as a contractile ring of actin microfilaments forms the cleavage furrow and pinches the cell apart.

Front 32

Interphase

Back 32

The period from cell formation to cell division.
Subphases: G1 (growth), S (growth and DNA synthesis), and G2 (growth and final preparations for division).

Front 33

G1 (Growth) Phase

Back 33

The centrioles begin replicating and growth is occurring.

Front 34

G0 Phase

Back 34

Cells that permanently cease dividing.

Front 35

S (growth and DNA synthesis) phase

Back 35

DNA is replicated; also has growth and DNA synthesis.

Front 36

G2 (growth and final preparations for division) phase

Back 36

Enzymes and other proteins needed for division are synthesized and moved to their proper sites. Centriole replication is complete and the cell is now ready to divide.

Front 37

Prophase

Back 37

The first stage of mitosis, consisting of coiling of the chromosomes accompanied by migration of the two daughter centrioles toward the poles of the cell, and nuclear membrane breakdown.

Front 38

Centromere

Back 38

A small constricted region that holds the sister chromatids together.

Front 39

Kinetochores

Back 39

Special protein structures at each chromosome's centromere.

Front 40

Metaphase

Back 40

Second stage of mitosis. Two centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes cluster at the middle of the cell.

Front 41

Anaphase

Back 41

Third phase of Mitosis I and II in which daughter chromosomes move toward each pole of a cell. The chromosomes look V shaped as they move.

Front 42

Telophase

Back 42

The final phase of mitosis; begins when migration of chromosomes to the poles of the cell has been completed and ends with the formation of two daughter nuclei.

Front 43

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Back 43

Cell division

Front 44

Which cells of the body constantly undergo mitosis?

Back 44

Epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and bone marrow.

Front 45

Are there cells in the body that do not undergo mitosis?

Back 45

Yes, neurons in the brain, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles.

Front 46

When does DNA replication occur?

Back 46

Interphase (S phase)

Front 47

When does cleavage furrow occur?

Back 47

In anaphase but to see it clearly it would be in telophase.

Front 48

When do centrosomes move to opposite poles?

Back 48

Prophase

Front 49

When do chromosomes move to opposite poles?

Back 49

Anaphase

Front 50

When does the nuclear membrane disappear?

Back 50

Prophase

Front 51

When do chromosomes align on the equitorial plate?

Back 51

Metaphase

Front 52

Is interphase a phase of mitosis?

Back 52

No

Front 53

Mitosis

Back 53

Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.