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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skeleton subdivided to
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Axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and Appendicular skeleton (limbs, pelvic bones)
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What do bone markings indicate?
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1.Where bones form joints with other bones, muscles and tendons.
2.Where ligaments attach 3. Where blood vessels and nerves pass |
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2 Bone Classes
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1. Compact bone (smooth & homogenous
2. Spongy/cancellous bone (has small trabeculae (bars) & lots of space |
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4 Bone Groups
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Long, short, flat and irregular bones
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Flat Bone
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thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone w/ spongy bone in between (ex. skull)
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Irregular bone
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irregular shaped bones (ex. vertebrae)
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Long bones
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longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (ex femur)
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Short bones
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cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (ex tarsals/carpals)
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Structures of long bones (8)
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Epiphysis, Periosteum, Articular cartilage, Epiphyseal plate (epiphyseal line), Endosteum, Medullary cavity, Yellow bone marrow, Red bone marrow
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Medullary Cavity
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hollow central interior. Contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants
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Yellow bone marrrow
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composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)
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Red bone marrow
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consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. Used to produce blood cells.
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Epiphysis
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end of bone (distal & proximal)
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Periosteum
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covers the bone; SHARPEY'S FIBER from this penetrate the bone
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Articular cartilage
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Covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum
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Epiphyseal plate
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area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)
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Endosteum
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lines the shaft
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Diaphysis
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just know spelling. smooth part of bone
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6 structures of compact bone
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Osteon (Haversian system), Haversian (central canal), Canaliculi/canaliculus, osteocytes,Lacunae, Perforating/ Volkmann's canals
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Osteon
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central canal & all concentric lamallae with Haversian/central canal in center
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Haversion canal
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runs along length of bone; carries blood, lymph vessels & nerves
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Canaliculi
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tiny canals radiating outward from central canal (single canal = canaliculus)They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae
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Osteocytes
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mature bone cells found inside lacunae
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Lacunae
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small chambers that "house" the mature bone cells (oseocytes)
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Perforating/Volkmann's canals
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canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
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Articular cartilage
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covers bone ends of movable joints
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Intervertebral discs
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cushion bones of spine
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3 types of cartilage
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1.Hyaline (found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages)
2.Elastic (found in lung, ear) 3. Fibrocartilage (found in articular (knee), pubic symphysis, intervertebral |