A&p Lab Nervous System I

Front 1

also known as a nerve cell

Back 1

neuron

Front 2

centrally located within the neuron, and contains most of the cell's organelles

Back 2

cell body
(C.B.)

Front 3

The granular E.R. of the neuron is found in small aggregates known as ____ and form the neurotransmitters.

Back 3

Nissl bodies

Front 4

the communication end of an axon

Back 4

terminal bulb
(synaptic end bulb)

Front 5

terminal bulbs release a chemical called a ____ which are used to communicate with other cells

Back 5

neurotransmitter

Front 6

the branched projections of a neuron that receive information from other neural cells, and send impulses towards the cell body

Back 6

dendrites

Front 7

found at the ends of the dendrites and are sensor devices which can interact with a specific type of stimulus - examples include Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles

Back 7

nerve receptors

Front 8

the support cells of the nervous tissue, job is to help the neuron somehow, and are not involved w/ synapse

Back 8

neuroglial

Front 9

Nerve cells can be either ______ or ____ (insulated or not insulated)

Back 9

myelinated
unmyelinated

Front 10

the insulating wrapper of a myelinated nerve fiber and found on axon

Back 10

myelin sheath

Front 11

myelin sheath cells for PNS neurons

Back 11

Schwann cells

Front 12

myelin sheath cells for CNS neurons

Back 12

Oligodendrocytes

Front 13

small spaces between the myelin sheath cells which leave a tiny area of the nerve fiber exposed

Back 13

nodes of Ranvier
(pronounced: rän-vy-ā' or ron-V-A)

Front 14

in the CNS the cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers tend to come together to form this:

Back 14

gray matter

Front 15

in the CNS myelinated fibers come together to form this:

Back 15

white matter

Front 16

surrounding the brain and the spinal cord are membranous tissues known as ______, and have 3 layers

Back 16

meninges

Front 17

what are the 3 layers of the meninges

Back 17

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

Front 18

dura mater
(location & job)

Back 18

outermost fibrous covering of the meninges

attaches to the crista galli and helps hold the brain in place

Front 19

arachnoid
(location & appearance)

Back 19

the filamentous central layer of meninges

has a web-like appearance

Front 20

in the subarachnoid space, u will find ______ ______ flowing

Back 20

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 21

pia mater
1. location
2. appearance
3. point of attachment

Back 21

1. innermost layer of meninges

2. very thin and transparent

3. surface of the CNS tissues

Front 22

_____ is referred to as the lower portion of the spinal cord

Back 22

cauda equina

Front 23

groups of nerve fibers in white matter that transmit info between peripheral structures and the brain

Back 23

spinal tracts

Front 24

Sensory information transportation is conducted here: ____, which send it to the brain to be analyzed

Back 24

ascending spinal tracts

Front 25

motor information transportation is conducted here: ____, which carries instructions to the body to perform an action

Back 25

descending spinal tracts

Front 26

contains the motor fibers leaving the spinal cord

Back 26

ventral root

Front 27

contains the sensory fibers entering the spinal cord

Back 27

dorsal root

Front 28

1. contain the cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons near the spinal cord

2. and forms a bulge in the ______

Back 28

1. dorsal root ganglion

2. dorsal root

Front 29

formed by the joining of the ventral and dorsal root

Back 29

spinal nerve

Front 30

carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the CNS

Back 30

afferent nerves

Front 31

carry nerve impulses away from the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands

Back 31

efferent nerves

Front 32

originates from the first few cervical nerves and redistribute to form nerves that primarily serve structures of the head and neck region

Back 32

cervical plexus

Front 33

nerve from the cervical plexus that goes into the diaphragm to assist with the breathing process

Back 33

phrenic nerve

Front 34

originates from the lower cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerves, and redistribute to form nerves supplying the arms

Back 34

brachial plexus

Front 35

lateral nerve of the arm

Back 35

radial nerve

Front 36

the medial nerve of the arm

Back 36

ulnar nerve

Front 37

nerve that lies between 2 nerves of the arm

Back 37

median nerve

Front 38

originates from most of the lumbar spinal nerves and redistributes to form nerves supplying the pelvic region and the anterior portion of the leg

Back 38

lumbar plexus

Front 39

major nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus and runs down the anterior leg

Back 39

femoral nerve

Front 40

originates from the lower lumbar spinal nerves and most of the sacral nerves, supply nerves to the pelvic region and the posterior leg

Back 40

sacral plexus

Front 41

major nerve that originates from the sacral plexus and runs down the posterior leg

Back 41

sciatic nerve

Front 42

thoracic spinal nerves that do not enter into a nerve plexus and go directly into the body structures to be innervated rather than join with other spinal nerves, found near ribs

Back 42

intercostal nerves

Front 43

formed by the joining of several spinal nerves, and redistribution into new nerves and go to a specific body area

Back 43

nerve plexus

Front 44

Name the 4 nerve plexuses

Back 44

1. cervical plexus
2. brachial plexus
3. lumbar plexus
4. sacral plexus

Front 45

belong to the autonomic nervous system, and run slightly lateral and parallel to ht spinal column

Back 45

sympathetic trunk ganglia

Front 46

other nerves of the PNS that originate from the brain and are numbered using Roman numerals

Back 46

cranial nerves

Front 47

sensory nerve that conducts impulses from the nasal area associated with smell

Back 47

olfactory nerve (CN I)

Front 48

sensory nerve that transmits impulses associated with vision to the brain

Back 48

optic nerve (CN II)

Front 49

provides sensory and motor supplies to the organs of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities and carry a majority of the parasympathetic nervous impulses for the autonomic nervous system

Back 49

vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 50

define reflex

Back 50

an automatic, preprogrammed response to a stimulus

Front 51

group of structures that involve the reflex

Back 51

reflex arc

Front 52

detect a particular stimulus, and when stimulated will initiate the reflex

Back 52

reflex receptors

Front 53

____ neuron transmits the information to the ____ ____ which process the information and send out a response via the ____ neuron

Back 53

1. afferent neuron
2. integrating center
3. efferent neuron

Front 54

the efferent neuron signals the ______ for a response activity

Back 54

effector