A&p Ii Urinary & Respiratory

Front 1

The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum into right and left_________?

Back 1

fossae

Front 2

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles regulate speech by rotating________?

Back 2

the arytenoid cartilages

Front 3

The largest air passages that engage in gas exchange with the blood are the _____________?

Back 3

respiratory bronchioles

Front 4

Respiratory arrest would most likely result from a tumor of the____?

Back 4

medulla oblongata

Front 5

Which of these values would normally be the highest?
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
residual volume

Back 5

vital capacity

Front 6

According to ______, the warming of air as it is inhaled helps to inflate the lungs.

Back 6

Charles's Law

Front 7

The duration of an inspiration is set by the _______.

Back 7

pneumotaxic center

Front 8

The superior opening into the larynx is guarded by a tissue flap called the_____

Back 8

epiglottis

Front 9

Within each lung, the airway forms a branching complex called the_____

Back 9

Bronchial tree

Front 10

The great alveolar cells secrete a phospholipid-protein mixture called

Back 10

pulmonary surfactant

Front 11

Intrapulmonary pressure must be ______than the atmospheric pressure for inspiration to occur

Back 11

lower

Front 12

_____ disorders reduce the flow of air through the airway

Back 12

obstructive

Front 13

Some inhaled air does not participate in gas exchange because it fills the ______of the respiratory tract

Back 13

anatomic dead space

Front 14

Inspiration is caused by the firing of I neurons in the ______ of the medulla oblongata

Back 14

inspiratory center

Front 15

The lungs contain (More/Less) respiratory bronchioles than terminal bronchioles?

Back 15

more

Front 16

Obstruction of the _______ results in a reduced FEV

Back 16

bronchial tree

Front 17

The phrenic nerve fire during (expiration/inspiration) and exert a braking action on the diaphragm

Back 17

both inspiration and expiration

Front 18

When volume increases, pressure ____

Back 18

decreases

Front 19

In an average 500 mL tidal volume, how much reaches the alveoli?

Back 19

350 mL

Front 20

Micturition occurs when the_____ contracts?

Back 20

detrusor muscle

Front 21

the compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called the ______

Back 21

glomerulus

Front 22

what is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood?

Back 22

urea

Front 23

which of these lies closet to the renal cortex?
the renal pelvis
the parietal peritoneum
the renal fascia
the renal capsule
the adipose capsule

Back 23

renal capsule

Front 24

Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by

Back 24

the proximal convoluted tubule

Front 25

a glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one

Back 25

renal corpuscle

Front 26

the kidney has more
-arcuate arteries
-collecting ducts
-afferent arterioles
-medullary pyramids
-minor calyces

Back 26

afferent arterioles

Front 27

the renal clearance of amino acids is normally_____

Back 27

zero

Front 28

beavers have relatively little need to conserve w ater and could therefore be expected to have shorter _______ than humans

Back 28

nephron loops

Front 29

increased ADH secretion should cause the urine to have a higher _____

Back 29

specific gravity

Front 30

the _______ is an automatic reflex activated by pressure in the urinary bladder

Back 30

micturition reflex

Front 31

_______________ is the ability of a nephron to adjust its GFR independently of external nervous or homornal influences

Back 31

renal autoregulation

Front 32

the two ureters and the urethra form the boundaries of a smooth area called the _____ on the floor of the urinary bladder

Back 32

trigone

Front 33

the __________ is a group of epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule that monitors the flow or composition of the tubular fluid

Back 33

macula densa

Front 34

to enter the capsular space, filtrate must pass between p edicels of the ________ cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

Back 34

podocytes

Front 35

glycosuria occurs if the rate of glomerular filtration of glucose exceeds the _______________ of the proximal convoluted tubule

Back 35

transport maximum

Front 36

ADH is a hormone that regulates the amount of water....

Back 36

reabsorbed by the collecting duct

Front 37

the ____________ is under involuntary control and relaxes during the micturition reflex.

Back 37

internal urethral sphincter

Front 38

very little protein is found in the __________ because it is negatively charged and is repelled by the basement membrane of the glomerulus

Back 38

glomeruluar filtrate

Front 39

blood flows through the _________ just before entering the interlobular arteries

Back 39

arcuate arteries

Front 40

the kidney has (more/less) distal convoluted tubules than collecting ducts

Back 40

more

Front 41

If all other conditions remain the same, constriction of the afferent arteriole reduces the __________

Back 41

glomeruluar filtration rate

Front 42

angiotensin II reduces

Back 42

urine output

Front 43

a sodium deficiency (hyponatremia) could cause

Back 43

glycosuria

Front 44

micturition depends on contraction of the __________

Back 44

detrusor muscle

Front 45

parathyroid hormone and angiotensin II regulate the

Back 45

proximal convuluted tubule (PCT)

Front 46

Urine contains (more/less) urea and chloride than sodium

Back 46

more

Front 47

a substantial amount of tubular fluid is reabsorbed by the _____ route, passing through leaky tight junctions.

Back 47

paracellular

Front 48

_________ does not occur in diabetes insipidus as it does in DM

Back 48

glycosuria

Front 49

urine can be as dilute as

Back 49

50 mOsm/L