• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/67

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
About how much does the heart weight?
3.25 lbs
About what size is the heart?
About the size of your fist
What is the pericardium?
The lining of the pericardial cavity
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Which layer of the heart wall touches serous fluid?
Epicardium
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left ventricle
What are the valves of the heart?
(2) AV valves
(2) Semilunar valves
Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
Body
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
Lungs
papillary muscle
cone-shaped projections that arise from inner surface of right ventricle; leads up to chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae
pulls on doors so blood doesn't go back into atrium
What are the 2 types of cardiac muscle cells?
Conducting system cells
Contractile cells
What are the 3 parts of the conduction system?
SA node
AV node
Conducting cells that connect the nodes
What is an EKG used for?
It is used to assess the performance of a specific nodal, conducting, or contractile component.
What is happening during the P wave?
Depolarization of atria; small
What is happening during the QRS Complex?
Depolarization of ventricles; strong
What is happening during the R wave?
Ventricles contract AFTER this
What is happening during the T wave?
Repolarization of ventricles
During an EKG, what might a large QRS Complex mean?
Enlarged heart
During an EKG, what might a small QRS Complex mean?
Heart mass has decreased
What is the order of events in the cardiac cycle?
Atria systole
Atria diastole
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
systole
contraction, chamber contracts and pushes blood into next chamber or arterial trunk
diastole
relaxation, chamber fills with blood and prepares for next cardiac cycle
What are the 4 human heart sounds?
S1, S2, S3, S4
Which human heart sound is "lubb"?
S1
Which human heart sound is "dubb"?
S2
What is happening during S1?
Start of ventricular contraction; AV valves close
What is happening during S2?
Start of ventricular filling; semilunar valves close
What is happening during S3?
Blood is flowing into ventricles
What is happening during S4?
Atrial contraction
Which 2 heart sounds are hard to hear in healthy adults?
S3 and S4
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute
peripheral resistance
the resistance of the arterial system affected by these factors: viscosity, turbulence, vascular resistance
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of the 2 ventricles in a single heart beat
endocarditis
condition that damages the chordae tendineae and heart valves
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle caused by microorganisms
pericarditis
inflammation/infection of the pericardium that usually reduces its elasticity
rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
results from untreated strep throat where the heart valves becomes thickened affecting blood flow
myocardial infarction
heart attack; coronary circulation is blocked and cardiac muscle cells die from oxygen starvation
cyanosis
bluish coloration of the skin due to presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels
stenosis
two types of RHD: mitral and aortic
coronary thrombus
blockage due to formation of clot at a plaque in a coronary artery
heart failure
heart weakens and peripheral tissues suffer from oxygen and nutrient deprivation
cardiomyopathy
group of diseases w/ common symptom of progressive, often irreversible, degeneration of myocardium
heart block, 1st degree
AV node and proximal part of AV bundle have slow passage of impulses to ventricular myocardium
heart block, 2nd degree
ventricle won't be stimulated and will be skipped; 2:1 ratio, sometimes 3:1 atrial to ventricular stimulation
heart block, 3rd degree
conducting pathway stops functioning
tachycardia
heart rate over 100 beats/minute
bradycardia
heart rate below 60 beats/minute
fibrillation
rapid, irregular, synchronized contractions of muscle fibers in the heart
What is a PVC?
When a Purkinje cell or ventricular myocardial cell depolarizes a threshold and triggers a premature contraction; "premature ventricular contraction"
What is a VT?
4 or more PVCs without intervening normal beats; "ventricular tachycardia"
Describe the clinical significance of multiple PVCs and VT.
These two come commonly occur right before cardiac arrest.
What are the intrinsic controls of the human heart?
The SA node, AV node, interseptum bundles control the heart beat from within the heart
What are the extrinsic controls of the human heart?
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system speed up or slow the heart down from the outside.
What ANS controls of the heart are located in the medulla oblongata?
Cardioinhibitory center and cardioacceleratory center
What controls the human heart rate?
The parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate down.

The sympathetic nervous system speeds it up.
Identify 5 characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue.
Striated
Uni/bi-nucleated
Loose T-tubules (no triads)
Needs ATP for contraction (can't rely on anaerobic resp.)
Intercalated discs
gap channel
cell to cell connection where 2 neighboring proteins fuse together and make an ion channel
Which is slower, skeletal muscle contraction or cardiac muscle contraction?
Cardiac muscle contraction
What allows autorhythmic cells to contract on their own?
Unstable cell membrane that will spontaneously depolarize
What 2 hormones function as a cardiac stimulator?

What organ do they come from?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal glands
What is the formula of cardiac output?
CO = Stroke volume x Heart Rate
Where does deoxygenated blood come from?
Body
Where does oxygenated blood come from?
Lungs
Trace the path of blood coming from the lungs to outside the body.
Left pulmonary vein -->
Left atrium -->
Left ventricle -->
Left semilunar valve -->
Ascending/descending aorta
Out the body
Trace the path of blood coming from the body to the lungs.
Superior/inferior vena cava -->
Right atrium -->
Right ventricle -->
Pulmonary semilunar valves -->
Pulmonary trunk -->
Left/right pulmonary arteries -->
Out to lungs