A&p Ii : Development & Inheritance

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Embryological Stages

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•Zygote

•Morula Stage

•Blastocyst Stage

• 3 Week Embryo/Neurola

• One month embryo

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Embryological Events/processes

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• Penetration

• Ferttilization

• Cleavage

• Differentiation

• Implantation

• Gastrulation

• Organogenesis

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Penetration/fertilization occurs in fallopian tube __ - ____ hours after ovulation

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12-24

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Penetration of sperm stimulates...

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•Ca2+ release (prevents 2nd penetration)

•Secondary oocyte completes meiosis II to become ovum

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Fertilized ovum called...

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Zygote Stage

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The zygote (after fertilization) undergoes the cleavage process to become a.....

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Morula

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Day 5...

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Fluid filled cavity develops inside morula call Blastocyst

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Differentiation occurs developing 2 specialized structures...

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1) Trophoblast: becomes Chorion and secretes hCG to maintain corpus liteum

2) Inner cell mass = becomes embryo

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Event of implantation in endometrium occurs on...

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Day 6

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Day 15 inner cell mass differentiates and migrates into...

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3 primary germ layers called gastrulation

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The 3 primary germ layers

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1. Ectoderm = Develops into epidermis and nervous system

2. Mesoderm = develop into muscle/bone/connective tissue/peritoneum

3. Endoderm = develops into lining of respiratory, GI tract, other organs

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Process of neurulation

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Differentiation of ectoderm into brain and spinal cord

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Aminion

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Protective layer that produces amniotic fluid (shock absorber)

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Chorionic villi

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= Fetal part of placenta

• secretes proteins that block maternal antibody production

•secretes hCG

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Yolk sac

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Source of nutrients and blood cells in first few weeks

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Chorionic villi containing blood vessels grow into...

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Endometrium

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Umbilical cord contains...

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•2 arteries (deoxygenated blood/waste away from fetus)

• 1 vein (carries O2 ND nutrients to fetus)

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1 month embryo is when? Occurs between?

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• Occurs between week 4 to 8

• Process in which body organs and system develop

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By end of 8 weeks...

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•All body systems are developing

•Limbs Visible

•Eyes and ears (pinna) present

•External genitalia differentiating

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hCG secreted/stimulates/ detected/ peaks

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•Secreted by chorion

•Stimulates corpus luteum to continue production of progesterone & estrogen

•Detected 7 days into fertilization

•Peaks at 8 weeks

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Relaxin

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•Increases flexibility of joints

•Dilates cervix during labor

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Estrogen/progesterone secreted by...

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Corpus luteum (early)

Placenta (3rd month)

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Actions of estrogen/progesterone

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•Maintain endometrium (pro)

•Prepare mammary glands (est)

•Keeps cervix closed (pro)

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All somatic cells contain...

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23 chromosome pairs

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1 chromosome =

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1 DNA + Proteins

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Autosome =

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Determine body traits

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Alternative forms of genes are called...

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Alleles