Ap Human Unit 3

Front 1

Animism

Back 1

belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and life

Front 2

Buddhism

Back 2

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth It is the third of the world's major universalizing religions. It has 365 million adherents

Front 3

Cargo Cult Pilgrimage

Back 3

Cargo Cult's believe western goods have been traded to them by ancestral spirits. It takes place in Melanesia

Front 4

Christianity

Back 4

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as embodied in the New Testament, emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

Front 5

Confucianism

Back 5

developed by earlier Chinese man Confucius, it's a complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought

Front 6

ethnic religion

Back 6

a religion with a rather concentrated distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location where its adherents are located

Front 7

exclave/enclave

Back 7

a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory. /an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it

Front 8

fundamentalism

Back 8

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

Front 9

Geomancy (feng shui)

Back 9

art of believing the earth has its own spirit, connect energy of the earth with you, affinity with nature

Front 10

hadj

Back 10

the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca

Front 11

hinduism

Back 11

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Front 12

interfaith boundaries

Back 12

boundaries between the major religions

Front 13

islam

Back 13

the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life

Front 14

jainism

Back 14

Founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion.

Front 15

judaism

Back 15

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

Front 16

Landscapes of the dead

Back 16

The certain areas where people have commonly been buried.

Front 17

Monotheism/polytheism

Back 17

Belief in a single God / Belief in multiple Gods

Front 18

Mormonism

Back 18

Founded by Joseph Smith, who claimed he was visited by God, and in 1830 he published a document called The Book of Mormon. He said it was a translation of a set of gold tablets he had found in the hills of New York, revealed to him by an angel of God.

Front 19

Muslim pilgrimage

Back 19

If physically and financially able, a Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Makkah. (Mecca), referred to as Hajj.

Front 20

Muslim population

Back 20

It is the religion of 1.3 billion people in the world.

Front 21

Proselytic religion

Back 21

A religion that actively seeks converts an has the goal of converting humankind.

Front 22

Reincarnation

Back 22

Belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death

Front 23

Religion (groups, places)

Back 23

spiritual beliefs, needs, and practices

Front 24

Religious architectural styles

Back 24

These are the styles of architecture created by the religions.

Front 25

Religious conflict

Back 25

Conflicts

Front 26

Religious culture hearth

Back 26

the starting place of a religion

Front 27

Religious toponym

Back 27

This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions. This is important to HG because many names mean significant things including beliefs of cultures.

Front 28

Sacred space

Back 28

land where an important event took place in the life of the founder of a religion

Front 29

Secularism

Back 29

The view that the present well-being of mankind should predominate over religious considerations in civil or public affairs.

Front 30

Shamamism

Back 30

The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.

Front 31

Sharia Law

Back 31

The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Qu'ranic law. Unlike most Western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, Sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran.

Front 32

Shintoism

Back 32

Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. It focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.

Front 33

Sikhism

Back 33

Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, Sikh warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule.

Front 34

Sunni / Shia

Back 34

A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad.

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The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad

Front 35

Taoism

Back 35

philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events

Front 36

Theocracy

Back 36

government run by religious leaders

Front 37

Universalizing

Back 37

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people not just those living in a particular location

Front 38

Zoroastrianism

Back 38

first known monothiestic religion

Front 39

Acculturation

Back 39

cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact

Front 40

Adaptive strategy

Back 40

The expression adaptive strategies is used by anthropologist Yehudi Cohen to describe a society's system of economic penalism. Cohen argued that the most important reason for similarities between two unrelated societies is their possession of a similar adaptive strategy.

Front 41

Assimilation

Back 41

people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family

Front 42

Barrio

Back 42

spanish word for neighborhood.

Front 43

chain migration

Back 43

the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city

Front 44

cultural adaptation

Back 44

new people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people

Front 45

cultural shatterbelt

Back 45

areas where diverse languages are spoken

Front 46

ethnic cleansing

Back 46

Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

Front 47

ethnic conflict

Back 47

A war between ethnic groups, often as a result of ethnic nationalism. There have been lots of ethnic conflicts throughout the last century.

Front 48

ethnic enclave

Back 48

a small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture

Front 49

ethnic group

Back 49

people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture

Front 50

ethnic homeland

Back 50

The hearth of an ethnic group, where their ancestry came from.

Front 51

ethnic landscape

Back 51

The landscapes formed by the ethnicities living there.

Front 52

ethnic neighborhood

Back 52

an area within a city containing members of the some ethnic background

Front 53

ethnicity

Back 53

Is identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

Front 54

ethnocentricism

Back 54

practice of judging another culture by the standards of on'es own culture

Front 55

ghetto

Back 55

During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.

Front 56

plural society

Back 56

a society that contains various cultural groups

Front 57

race

Back 57

A socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important.

Front 58

segregation

Back 58

the term for the seperation of the races

Front 59

social distance

Back 59

a measure of the perceived degree of social separation between individuals, ethnic groups, neighborhoods, or other groupings; the voluntary or enforced segregation of two or more distinct social groups for most activities

Front 60

dowry death

Back 60

Murder of a bride by her husband's family because her father failed to pay the marriage

Front 61

enfranchisement

Back 61

A right or privelage by the goverment (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote)

Front 62

gender

Back 62

Men and Women

Front 63

gender gap

Back 63

A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men.

Front 64

infanticide

Back 64

The Islamic/Arabic practice of killing infants

Front 65

longevity gap

Back 65

The live expectancy gap between males and females.

Front 66

maternal mortality rate

Back 66

Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth.