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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arable Land
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land that can be used for growing crops
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barrier to diffusion
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any conditions that interrupts the diffusion process.
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Permeable (barrier to diffusion)
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Some interruption
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Absorbing (barrier to diffusion)
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All gets interrupted
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Built environment
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refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity
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cartography
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The making of maps and charts
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coordinate system
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that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers and/or letters
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core-periphery pattern
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The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties
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cultural geography
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the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places.
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cultural landscape
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features on earths surface that reveal human occupation (cities bridges roads)
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culture region
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an geographical area that cover or seems to cover a definite, specific culture or ethnic group.
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Arithmetic density:
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The total number of people divided by the total land area. This is what most people think of as density; how many people per area of land.
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Physiological density
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The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. This is important because it relates to how much land is being used by how many people.
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agricultural density
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number of farmers to the amount of arable land
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expansion diffusion
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spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (slowly gathering more people/growing bigger)
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hierarchical diffusion
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The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places (Ex: hip-hop/rap music)
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contagious diffusion
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The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. (Ex: ideas placed on the internet)
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relocation diffusion
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The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. Ex: spread of AIDS from New York, California, & Florida.
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stimulus diffusion
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the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. (Ex: PC & Apple competition, p40)
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absolute direction
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the exact direction on a compass down to the degrees, minutes, and seconds
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relative direction
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is the general direction such as north south east and west
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Absolute location:
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Position on Earth’s surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator).
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Relative location:
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Position on Earth’s surface relative to other features. (Ex: My house is west of 394).
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circular distribution
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circle
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clustered/agglomerated/concentrated distribution
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If the objects in an area are close together
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dispersed distribution
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If objects in an area are relatively far apart
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linear distribution
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straight
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random distribution
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not a specific pattern
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rectilinear (grid pattern) distribution
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in grid
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friction of distance (time-distance decay)
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refers to the decrease or loss of similarity between two observations as the distance between them increases
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accessibility (distance decay)
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deduces distance decay. easier to talk. easier to travel
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connectivity (distance decay)
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more connected less distance decay. uses internet, phone
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geographic information system (GIS)
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a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
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geography
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Geo- earth
graphy- to write or describe |
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global positioning system (GPS)
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a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers
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hearth
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the place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places
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independent invention
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an idea or invention that was not spread to another area
through diffusion but was invented separately. For example, farming was invented in various regions of the world at different times independently. |
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interaction
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relationship between things
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absolute location
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exact location on earth (ex. your address) latitude and longitude
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relative location
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comparing once location to another (ex. one block north from the Northridge mall)
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Name Map distortions
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shape
distance size direction |
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map interruption
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attempt a compromise, cutting the terrestrial surface along some arbitrarily chosen lines and projecting each section
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map projection
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Mercator
Robinson homolosine |
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A projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used esp. for marine charts and certain climatological maps
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Mercator
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avoids interruptions like Homolosine projection. areas look larger at high latitudes
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Robinson
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an equal-area projection map of the globe; oceans are distorted in order to minimize the distortion of the continents.
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homolosine
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graphic
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0 ...........5............10
l ______l_______l |
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word statement
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one inch equals one kilometer
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fractional/ratio
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1:1,000
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node
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a centralized location everyone in a functional region is connected to
(like Granada High School) |
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Al-Iridisi
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prepared world map and geography text in 1154, building on Ptolemy's work.
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Aristotle
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first to demonstrate that earth was spherical
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Eratosthenes
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first person to record the work geography and calculated it circumference within a remarkable 0.5 percent accuracy. prepared earliest maps with 5 correct climate regions
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Perkins Marsh, George
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Inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action, provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions.
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Ptolemy
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wrote an 8-volume Guide to Geography. codified basic principles of map making and prepared numerous maps.
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Sauer, Carl
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adopted regional studies
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Thales
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applied principals of geometry to measure land area
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cardinal directions
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North, East, South, West
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equator
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imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemispheres
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hemisphere
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half a sphere
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intermediate directions
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NE-North East
NW- North West SE- South East SW- South West |
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International Date Line
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180 Degrees Longitude
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latitude
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distance or location North or South of the equator
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longitude
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distance or location East or West of the Prime Meridian
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meridians
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Name of lines of longitude
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parallels
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name of lines of latitude
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prime meridian
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imaginary line that divides the western and eastern hemispheres
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quadrant
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when you cut the earth into fourths
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reference map
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show locations of places (EX. physical maps, political, road)
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vernacular region/Perceptual Region
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ex. The South
What the people of the area think they are |
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formal/uniform/homogenous region
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is an area within which everyone shares in common one or mare distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate. (EX. CORN GROWING AREA)
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functional/Nodal region
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connect the houses of Granada students. area is a functional region
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perceptual region
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reflect human feelings or attitudes about it. It's more of an opinion than known things.
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regionalization
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.
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sense of place
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your feelings about a location
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site
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The physical character of place; what is found at the location and why it is significant
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situation
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The location of a place relative to other places
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spatial
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Physical location of geographic phenomena across SPACE
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remote sensing
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the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from another long-distance methods
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scale of inquiry
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looking at different sizes of areas (state, nation,
hemisphere, continent) |
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cartogram
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map that distorts size of an area to show magnitude
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choropleth
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map that used colors or shading to indicate magnitude
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flow map
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show movement with arrows thicker arrow > more
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isoline
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can measure anything (weather, temperature) any changes over a distance
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topographic map
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used isolines to illustrate changes in elevation
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statistical map
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.
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dot map
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uses dots to indicate magnitude
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proportional symbol
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uses symbols of different sizes to represent data associated with different areas or locations within the map.
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preference map
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.
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mental map
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map in your head. each person's map is different
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time zones
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every 15 degree longitude
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topography
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.The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
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transition zone
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area or place with more than 1 type of properties, the properties can be related to weather conditions, topography, physical features.
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why of where
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.
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