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302 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the crude death rate?
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number of deaths per one thousand
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what is cultural adaptation?
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a fine tuning of a diffused culture that benefits the adopters
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What is cultural diffusion?
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the process of spreading and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin across a wider area
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what is cultural ecology?
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multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment
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what is cultural geography?
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study of cultural products and norms and their variation around the world
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What is Axis Mundi?
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An image that expresses a point of connection between sky and earth where the four compass directions meet.
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What is the Azimuthal projection?
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A map projection of the earth designed so that a straight line from the central point on the map to any other point gives the shortest distance between the two points. Azimuthal equidistant maps are used mainly for plotting direction and distance from the map's central point, but measurements originating from other points on the map can be greatly distorted.
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Describe what a Backwash Effect is.
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When one region's economic gain translates into another region's economic loss.
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Describe Babylon.
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Babylon was the capital of Babylonia, the alluvial plain between the Euphrates and Tigris. After the fall of the Assyrian empire (612 BCE), Babylon became the capital of the ancient Near East, and king Nebuchadnezzar adorned the city with several famous buildings. Even when the Babylonian Empire had been conquered by the Persian king Cyrus the Great (539), Babylon remained a splendid city. Alexander the Great and the Seleucid kings respected the city, but after the mid-second century, the city's decline started.
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What is the baby boom?
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A baby boom is any period of greatly increased birth rate during a certain period, and usually within certain geographical bounds and when the birth rate exceeds 2% of the population. (The term baby boom most often refers to the dramatic post-World War II baby boom).
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what is cultural integration?
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the combining of cultures
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Balance of Power
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In international relations, a balance of power exists when there is parity or stability between competing forces. As a term in international law for a 'just equilibrium' between the members of the family of nations, it expresses the doctrine intended to prevent any one nation from becoming sufficiently strong so as to enable it to enforce its will upon the rest.
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Folk life
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The the living traditions currently practiced and passed down by word of mouth, imitation, or observation over time and space within groups, such as family, ethnic, social class, regional, and others. Everyone and every group has folklore.
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Folklore
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Traditions, customs, and stories passes down within a culture, normally orally.
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Food Manufacturing
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The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, can be considered outside of the scope of the modern food industry.
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Food Web
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Describe the feeding relationships between species to another within an ecosystem. Organisms are connected to the organisms they consume by arrows representing the direction of biomass transfer. It also shows you how the energy from the producer is given to the consumer. A food web extends the food chain concept from a simple linear pathway to a complex network of interactions.
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Forced Migration
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Forced migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. It often connotes violent coercion, and is used interchangeably with the terms "displacement" or forced displacement. A specific form of forced migration is population transfer, which is a coherent policy to move unwanted persons, perhaps as an attempt at ethnic cleansing. Someone who has experienced forced migration is a "forced migrant" or "displaced person".
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Food Regime
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I'll get back to you
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Cultural Landscape
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The interactions and imprints of humans on a landscape
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Cultural Pluralism
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A society of two or more populations with different cultures living adjacent to each other and not mixing
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Cultural-Political Boundaries
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Political boundaries that coincide with language, religion, ethnicity and other cultural characteristics
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Cultural Revival
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The rebirth and/or revitalization of a culture or cultural characteristics
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Culture
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The behaviors, knowledge and practices of a society
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Culture Area
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An area/region with one similar activity or complex of activities
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Absolute direction
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An exact cardinal direction north, east, south, or west
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absolute distance
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The physical distance between two points using standard measurements (usally miles or kilometers
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Absolute location
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Position of an object or place expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds according to the lines of longitude and latitude
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Absorbing barrier
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A physical or mental block that prevents the adoption and diffusion of innovations or cultural elements
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Accessibility
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The ability in which a location can be reached from an outside area
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Acculturation
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Cultural modifications resulting form intercultrual exchange and borrowing; occurs over time (usally with the exchange of techonology)
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Geothermal energy
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Harnasing of natural heat and engergy to power technology (eg hot springs)
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Ghetto
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An urban region marked by particular ethnic, religious, and economic properties (commonly low income)
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Glaciation
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A period of global cooling during which continental ice sheets and mountain glaciers expand
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Globalization
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Expansion of economic, political, or cultural activites to the point that they become a global impact
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Global Corporations
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Industries that are established and marketing around the world, or in multiple countries "multinational"
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Gerrymandering
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Redistricting and dividing areas to gain an advantage for one political party or another; clustering groups of voters in one district while distributing another to take the majority vote
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environmental perception
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the total impression individuals have of their surroundings which create a mental map
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environmental stress
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the threat to environmental security by human action such as atmospheric and groundwater pollution, deforestation, oil spills, and ocean dumping.
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equal area projection
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map projection that accurately preserves area
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equidistant projection
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a map projection in which the distances between 1 or 2 points correspond to a constant scaling factor.
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Esperanto
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a made-up Latin-based language, which its European proponents in the early 20th century hoped would become a global language.
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ethnic cleansing
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the slaughter and/or forced removal of an ethnic group from its homes/lands by another ethnic group
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Ethnic culture area
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A region in which a certain ethnicity dominates.
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Ethnic geography
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Study of the spatial distribution of different ethnicities.
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Ethnic group
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A group of people belonging to the same cultural group.
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Ethnic homeland
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An ethnicity's country of origination.
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Ethnic island
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A small, usually rural enclave, generally consisting of the same ethnicity, situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context.
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Ethnic neighborhood
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A neighborhood revolving around a specific ethnicity.
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD)
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A chemical procedure for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water.
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Biomass Fuel
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Living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production.
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Biotechnology
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Technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science and medicine.
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Birth Rate
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How many child births there are per year CBR=n/p(100)
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Blockbusting
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A practice used by real estate agents and developers to encourage white property owners to sell by giving the impression that black people are moving into the neighborhood.
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Boundary
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Something that indicates or fixes a limit or extent.
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Functional Region
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A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.
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Functional Specialization
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The production of particular goods or services as a dominant activity in a particular location.
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Consumer Services
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?
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Contact Conversion
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The spread of religious beliefs by personal contact.
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Contagious Diffusion
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The spreading of an idea, innovation or diseased based on person-to-person contact within a local population, depending to a great extent on the distances among people.
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Continental Drift
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Hypothesis by Alfred Wegener in 1915, there once existed one single "supercontinent" called Pangaea, it is the fragmentation of Pangaea which slowly moved to where each individual continent is now.
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Continental Shelf
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The gently sloping, relatively shallow, submerged plain just off the coast of a continent, extending to a depth of around 180 meters. (600ft/1000 fathoms)
*fathom-a unit of length equal to six feet |
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Conurbation
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General term used to identify large, multimetropolitan complexes formed bu the coalescence of two or more major urban areas. The Boston-Washington megalopolis is along the U.S. northeastern seaboard is an outstanding example.
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Global Change
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Used to encompass multiple environmental and ecological changes, Encompasses the study of climate change, species extinction, land use change, as well as many other areas. A transformation that occurs on a worldwide basis.
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Globalized Agriculture
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?
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Gondwana
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The southern portion or the primeval supercontinent, Pangaea.
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Grain
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Dry seed-like fruit produced b the cereal grains.
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A strecth of geologic time during which the Earth's average atmospheric temperature is lowered.
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Ice Age
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A large thick layer of ice that flows outward in all directions from a central area where a continuous accumulation of snow and thickening of ice occur.
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Ice Sheet
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The identity of a region as expressed through its cherished symbols; its particular cultural landscape and personality.
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Iconography
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The drive toward the creation and expansion of a colonial empire.
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Imperialism
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Migration into a particular country or area.
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Immigration
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A closely organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas forming the basis of a social, economic, or political philosophy or program
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Ideology
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Convergence Hypothesis
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The convergence hypothesis claims that all the countries are over time converging to that optimal mix of capitalism and socialism.
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Core Area
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The heartland of a nation, usually more advanced than the rest of the nation, with an intense feeling of native culture and nationality.
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Core-periphery Relationships
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The core-periphery relationship refers to the spatial expression of
wider development processes around the globe and at various scales – rich & poor – powerful & powerless – majority & minority |
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Corridor
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A thickly populated strip of land connecting two or more urban areas: the Boston-Washington corridor.
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Cosmogony
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The astrophysical study of the origin and evolution of the universe.
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Cottage Industry
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A usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment.
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Greenbelt
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an area of woods, parks, or open land surrounding a community.
Also, a green belt is a strip of land on the edge of a desert that has been planted and irrigated to keep the desert from spreading. |
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Greenhouse Effect
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is an atmospheric heating phenomenon, caused by short-wave solar radiation being readily transmitted inward through the earth's atmosphere but longer-wavelength heat radiation less readily transmitted outward, owing to its absorption by atmospheric carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and other gases; thus, the rising level of carbon dioxide is viewed with concern.
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Greens
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immature in age or judgment; untrained; inexperienced: a green worker.
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Greenwich Mean Time
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the local time at the 0 meridian passing through Greenwich, England; it is the same everywhere.
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
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The total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period.
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Gross Migration
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Gross migration records the migration of people migrating into and out of a country.
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buddhist perspective on nature
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Buddhists believe in living in harmony with nature, by preserving and respecting it.
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buffer state
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a small state exsisting between 2 larger rival nations. Sometimes these are created by international powers to make it more difficult to start a war.
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buffer zone
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a country or zone that separtes ideological or political adversaries.
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bulk-gaining industries
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industries in which weight is added in the production process where finished goods weigh more than their constituted parts. These industries tend to locate closer to markets and farther from natural resources.
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bulk-reducing indutries
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industries in which weight is subtracted through the production process where the finished goods weigh less than the raw materials. These industries tend to locate closer to the raw materials than to the markets.
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Functional Zonation
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?
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Fundamentalism
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The strict adherence to a particular doctrine.
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Fusion
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A coalition of partites or factions
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Gateway City
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Aborbs and assimilates cultures and traditions of its neighbors without being dominated by them.
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business services
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The services offered by a business, for example mail delivery or a checking account as offered by a bank.
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fertile cresent
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he crescent-shaped region stretching along the Mediterranean coast from Asia to southern Palestine
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feudalism
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A system typical of medieval Europe in which a lord owns the lands and the peasants or serfs work on the land
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fiscal squeeze
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A period of tight monetary policy, when interest rates are high and borrowing is difficult.
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Hi
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Short for hello.
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Cartel
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An international syndicate formed to promote common interests in some economic sphere through the formulation of joint pricing policies and the limitation of market potions for consumers. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a classic example.
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Cartography
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The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.
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Caste System
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The strict segregation of people - specifically in India’s Hindu society – on the basis of ancestry and occupation.
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Cenozoic
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The era of recent life on the geologic time scale extending from 65 million years ago to the present; subdivided into the Tertiary and Quaternary periods.
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Census
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A periodic and official count of a country’s population.
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Gross National Product (GNP)
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The total value of all goods and services produced by a country’s economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within the
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Growing Season
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The number of days between the last frost in the spring and the first frost of the fall.
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Growth Pole
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An urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its hinterland.
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Guest Workers
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Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.
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Habit
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A particular practice, custom, or usage.
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Cadastral Pattern
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The pattern of property ownership in a given area, generally represented on a map.
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Guild Industry
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A "guild" (also spelled "gild") was, in medieval times, an association of craftsmen or merchants, formed for mutual aid and protection and to further their own professional interests. The medieval guilds were of two types, the merchant guilds and the craft guilds. The medieval craft guilds, the main focus of this article, were associations of all the artisans and craftsmen in a particular branch of industry or commerce.
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An apartheid is...?
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The Afrikaan term given to the policies of racial seperation once practiced in South Africa and to the the higly segregated sociogeographical patterns they produced.
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Define "aquaculture".
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The use of a river segment or an artifical body of water for the raising and harvesting of food products, such as fish, shellfish, and even seaweed. Japan is among the world's leaders in aquaculture.
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When is an area arable?
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When it is fit for cultivation by one farming method or another.
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Define "area".
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It is a term that refers to a part of the Earth's surface with less specificity than region. For example, urban area alludes very generally to a place where urban development has taken place, whereas urban region requires certain specific criteria on which a delimitation is based.
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Area symbols are...?
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loading please wait...the engine of searching did not recover an acceptable definition.
****. |
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deforestation
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the clearing and destructing of forests for various purposes.
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deglomeration
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the process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.
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defensive state
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I'M NOT SURE.
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deindustrialization
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to cause to lose industrial capability or strength; make less industrial in character or emphasis.
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delimitation
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the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty into an official cartographic representation
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demarcation
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the actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of borders, fences, walls, or other markers.
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Areal interdependence occurs when
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When one area produces certain goods or has certain raw materials or resources and another area has a different set of resources and produces different goods, their needs may be complementary; by exchanging raw materials and products, they can satisfy each other's requirements.
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gateway state
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a state by virtue of its border location between geopolitical power cores that absorbs and assimilates cultures and traditions of its neighbors without being dominated by them.
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gender
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refers to the social differences between men and women. Notions of gender differences (what is considered "feminine" or "masculine", for example)vary greatly over time and space.
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gender gap
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the differences in levels of health, education, income, opportunity, and participation in politics and public life that exist between males and females.
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genre devie
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loading please wait...the engine of searching did not recover an acceptable definition.
****. |
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Gentrification is
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the rehabilitation of deteriorated (often abandoned) housing of low-income inner-city residents.
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generic toponym
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a common place name which is usually "descriptive".
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domesticated plants
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Plants accustomed to human provision and control.
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domestication
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The transformation of a wild animal or wild plant into a domesticated animal or a cultivated crop to gain control over food production.
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domino theory
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The belief that political destabilization in one country can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, starting a chain reactino of collapse!
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double cropping
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The planting, cultivation, and harvesting of two crops successively within a single year on the same plot of farmland
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drive to maturity
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Technologies diffuse, industrial specialization occurs throughout the nation, and international trade expands.
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Custom
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A habitual practice; the usual way of acting in given circumstances
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Cynical movement
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Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally.
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Death Rate
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Expressed as the annual number of deaths per 1000 individuals within a given population.
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Decolonization
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to free a colony to become self-governing or independent
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Deep Ecology
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a radical environmental movement and philosophy that regards humans as equal to other organisms within the global ecosystem.
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Definition
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The written legal description of a broundary between two countries or territories.
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Eugenic Protection act
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U.S law prevented immigration from countries with "genetically Inferior traits"??
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European state model
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Nation-state? How europe was first?
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Eve theory
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Also knoewn as Mitochondira Eve, the most recent common matrineal ancestor.
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Exclave
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Strip of land that belongs to a political entity but that is not connected to it by land.
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Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
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Seazone which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. Often extends 200 nautical miles.
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Extinct Language
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Language with no native speakers left
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filtering
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When a landlord takes a large, usually 19th century house, and subdivides it into many sections and rents out those sections to low income families.
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filtering
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When a landlord takes a large, usually 19th century house, and subdivides it into many sections and rents out those sections to low income families.
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What is a density gradient?
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The variation in density over an area.
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What is density of population?
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The number of people per unit area.
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What is a dependency ratio?
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A measure of the portion of a population which is composed of people who are too young or too old to work.
The dependency ratio is equal to the number of individuals aged below 15 or above 64 divided by the number of individuals aged 15 to 64, expressed as a percentage. |
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What is a determinism?
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The doctrine that all events, including human choices and decisions, have sufficient causes.
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What is desertification?
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The encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins.
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What is a derelict landscape?
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Land that has been damaged by industrial or other development activity.
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ecosystem
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a linkage of plants or animals to their environment in an open system as far as energy is concerned
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economic reach
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the maximum distance people can be froma central place and still be attracted to it for business purposes
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ecumene
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the portion of the worlds land surface that is permanently settled by human beings
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edge cities
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describes the shifting focus of urbanization in the US away from the CBD toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe. These cities are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas, and modern buildings
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El Niño
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a periodic, large scale, abnormal warming of the sea surface in the low lattitudes of the eastern Pacific ocean that produces a reversal of surface ocean currents and airflows throughout
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ecotourism
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responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people
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What is ISI (Import Substitution Industrialization)?
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A trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to substitute products which it imports (mostly finished goods) with locally produced substitutes.
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What are inanimate power sources?
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Mainly, prosthetic energy sources that we have come to use, first steam, now electricity
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What is the meaning of the term independent inventions?
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An invention arrived at independently, even though another group of people may have created the same invention in a different place at a different time
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What is an industrial inertia?
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The refusal of a company to leave its original location even when the reasons that made the location suitable or advantageous have disappeared
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What was the Industrial Revolution?
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The social and economic changes that began in the late 18th century and involved widespread adoption of industrial methods of production.
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What is an indigenous city?
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A city that has a social or cultural connection with its original creators
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What is a node?
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A centering point of component parts.
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What are nonbasic functions?
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Also known as service functions, involve production and consumption within the region.
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What is a non-material culture?
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A component of culture that consists of the abstract or intangible human creations of society (such as attitudes, beliefs, and values) that influence people's behavior.
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What is a nonrenewable resource?
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A resource that when used at a certain rate will ultimately be exhausted.
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What is a North/South divide?
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The division between the north and south.
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What is nutritional density?
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A measure of how much nutrition can be produced from land.
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what is a middle cohort?
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a group of people that have something in common. In this case it is in the middle of the data
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what is migrant diffusion?
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The spread of ideas through the movement of people through migration.
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what is migration?
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a change in residence intended to be permanent
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what is migratory movement?
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human relocation movement from a source to a destination without a return journey
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what is a milkshed?
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a region producing milk for a certain community
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what is migration transition?
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define malnutrition (the sheet said malnutrician, which isn't a word. so i took a little bit of creative license with it)
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Condition of ill health resulting from the deficiency or improper balance of essential foodstuffs in the diet
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define Malthusian
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designating the early-19th-century viewpoint of Thomas Malthus, who argued that population growth was outrunning the Earth's capacity to produce sufficient food.
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define marchland
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district consisting of the area on either side of a border or boundary of a country or an area
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define map
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a representation, usually on a flat surface, as of the features of an area of the earth or a portion of the heavens, showing them in their respective forms, sizes, and relationships according to some convention of representation
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define map projection
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an orderly arrangement of lines of latitude and longitude, produced by any systematic method, that can be used for drawing a map of the spherical Earth on a flat surface.
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define maquiladora
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the term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. THe low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished manufactures.
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Pangea
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A supercontinent which was all the currently existing continents conjoined together as one
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Parallel
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Two objects/things that never touch and point in the same diretion
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Particulate Pollutents
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Particles found in the air that cause pollution, either man made or natural
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Passive Solar Energy Systems
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A system using sunlight for energy without using active mechanical systems
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Pastoralism
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The raising, care, tending and use of livestock
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Pastoral Nomadism
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The raising, care, tending and use of livestock while moving from place to place seasonally, to further help the livestock
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monoglot
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people that only speak one language
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multi-ethnic state
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societies in which diferent ethnicities live together
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multinational state
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a state who people consist of one or more nations
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monotheism
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religions that believe in one god
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more-developed country
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countries with low CBR's and low CDR's. Are highly urbanized and inhabitants have long life expectancies
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Peripheral Regions
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The least powerful regions and therefore are often marginalized or under the control of both semi-peripheral regions and core regions.
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Personal Services
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a service based on the intellectual or manual efforts of an individual (as for salary or wages) rather than a salable product of his or her skills
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Personal Space
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the variable and subjective distance at which one person feels comfortable talking to another.
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Photochemical Smog
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air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, esp. those in automobile exhaust.
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Photovoltaic Cell
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a photocell in which an electromotive force is generated by a photovoltaic effect.
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Physiological Density
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The number of people per unit area of arable land.
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Southern Cone
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The souther, mid-latitude portion of South America constituded by the countries of Chile, Argentine, and Uraguay; often included as well is the southernmost part o Brazil
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Sovereignty
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The principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states
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Spatial
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Pertaining to space on the Earth;s surface; geographic
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Spatial interaction
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The movement and activies shared between different places; and the interdependence between different areas
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Rush (Peak) Hour
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A part of the day with busy traffic and hence traffic congestion on the roads and crowded public transport; normally the two periods in a day when people are travelling to or from work or school.
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Sacred Space
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A place or space that has be altered spiritually to make it more conducive to spiritual work.
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Sahel
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Region of Africa, a semiarid band south of the Sahara Desert stretching from Senegal to Egypt.
*semiarid - receiving between 10 and 20 inches of precipitation annually |
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Sanitary Landfill
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A solid waste disposal area that protects the environment from leachate.
*leachate - water containing contaminants which leaks from a disposal site |
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Satellite State
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A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.
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Rural Density
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Such as rural population density?
O_o |
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Space
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The general idea of the locations and existance of elements and things on the earth
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Spatial Justice
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The fairness of the distribution of resources(natural and unnatural) geographically
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polygot
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Can refer to a mixture of languages, a person who speaks, writes, or reads a number of languages, or a book (such as the Bible) that contains the same text in several languages.
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polytheism
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The belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe.
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popular culture
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Cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify an are part of today's changeable, urban-based, media-influenced society.
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population density
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A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.
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population explosion
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the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.
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population geography
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A subdivision of human geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of demography and the influences of demographic change on particular places.
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natural political boundary
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political boundaries that coincide with prominent physical features in the natural landscape such as rivers or the crest rides of mountain ranges
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natural resource
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any valued element of the nviornment uncludes minerals water vegtation and soil
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nature
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the material world, esp. as surrounding humankind and existing independently of human activities.
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nautical mile
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by international agreement the nautical mile- the standara measure at sea is 6076.12 feet in length equivalent to 1.15 statue miles
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neighborhood
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neighborhood
the area or region around or near some place or thing; vicinity |
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neighborhood effect
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the draw of people twoards suburban neighborhoods becasue of the high crime rates in cities
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Recycling
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To alter or adapt and object or thing to make reusable, or allow it to help another purpose.
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Redistricting
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To divide again in order to separate regions some times giving new boundaries to administrative or election districts.
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Red-lining
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A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money purchase homes or property in theedominately white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on the Cadastral Maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, Red=lining is officially illegal.
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Refugee
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People who have been dislocated involuntarily from their original place of settlement.
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Region
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A commonly used term and geographic concept of central importance. An area on the earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perpetual homogeneity of some phenomenon.
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Regional Geography?????
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Geography of regions..hehe..
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location theory
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A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the matter in which its producing areas are interrelated.
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loess
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A geologic term that refers to deposits of silt.
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longevity map
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The difference in the average length of life between males and females.
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longitude
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Imaginary line circling the Earth and running through the poles. Used to determine the location of things by measurement of the angular distance, in degrees eat or west, from the prime meridian.
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Main Street (Canada)
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Canada's dominant conurbation that is home to more than 60% of the country's inhabitants; stretches southwestward from Quebec City in the middle of St. Lawrence Valley to Windsor on the Detroit River.
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maladaptation
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When image precedes over practicality in terms of diffusion.
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Quinary Industry
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Heath, education, culture, research, police, fire service, and other government industries not intended to make a profit.
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Quota
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The number or proportion that's allowed or admitted immigration.
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Race
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Concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets or characteristics.
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Racism
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Prejudice and discrimination based on race.
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Radioactive waste
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Wastes containing radioactive chemical elements that don't have a practical purpose.
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Range
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Large area of land unsuited to cultivation but supporting native grasses and other plants suitable for livestock grazing.
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primate city
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A country's leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939. This quote throughly defines a primate city.
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primary industry
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The industry that aquires raw materials, like mining coal or cutting down trees for lumber.
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prime agricultural land
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The land that is extremely good for agricultural activities, such as fertile soil, easy irrigation, proximity to the marketplace and the like.
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prime meridian
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In terms of longitude and latitude, the prime meridian is the longitude (vertical) line at zero degrees. It goes straight through Greenwich, England.
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primate city rule
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This rule states that each secondary city following the primate city is a proportion of the population smaller. For example, if the primate city had a population of 10 million people, then the second largest would have 5 million and the third would have 2.5 million.
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Sawah
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Wet rice-field
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Scale
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the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it.
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Secondary economic activity
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changing natural resources into new products: manufacturing, refining, etc.
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Secondary sector
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That portion of a region's economy devoted to the processing of basic materials extracted by the primary sector.
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Sectionalism
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Promoting the interests of a section or region (such as the North or the South) instead of the entire country.
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Sector model
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is a model of urban land use and modified the concentric zone model of city development
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Semiotics
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the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing
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Semi-peripheral Regions
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In the context of the core-periphery model, intermediary regions in terms of the hierarchy of power between core regions and peripheral regions
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Sequent Occupance
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The notion that successive societies leave their cultural impirnts on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
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Sense of place
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To some, it is a characteristic that some geographic places have and some do not, while to others it is a feeling or perception held by people (not by the place itself). It is often used in relation to those characteristics that make a place special or unique, as well as to those that foster a sense of authentic human attachment and belonging
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Service
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the supplying or supplier of utilities or commodities, as water, electricity, or gas, required or demanded by the public
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Settlement
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a state of stability or permanence
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Brahman
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A Hindu religious leader
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Brain drain
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Educated people such as teachers leave countries to other countries in order to make more profit.
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Branch (of a religion)
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Small differences in belief branch of of a religion such as Lutheranism is a branch of Christianinty.
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Break of bulk point
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Point of industrial market and transportation. Ex: New York City
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British Recieved Pronounciation (BRP)
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A stereotypical English accent, standard accent in British film, radio and television.
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Expansion Diffusion
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Diffusion where it is intensely diffused while staying strong in it point of origin.
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exponential growth
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Never limited constant growth.
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Export Processing Zones
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Areas where products are made and exported at the same time.
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External Migration
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The migration out of a place.
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External Areas
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Areas outside of place.
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External Economies
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Foreign economies owned externally from another country.
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Postmondernity
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Present/economic cultural conditions of society.
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Power
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The ability to control the infuence of people politically, economically...
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Preadaptation
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Organism use preexisting anatomical structure inherited from ancestors.
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Preservation
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Maintinence to keep something at its original form.
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Primacy
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State of being first in rank.
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Primary Activities
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The direct extraction of natural resources for the economy.
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
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Compound of chlorine, flourine and carbon used as refrigerants, hurts the ozone layer.
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Global Environment Facility (GEF)
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Organization of 178 countries to improve the environment.
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Montreal Protocol
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Treaty to protect the ozone layer.
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Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOS)
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Organizations not supported by the government.
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Pelagic species
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Species that live near oceanic areas.
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Ozone Layer
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Layer in Earth's atmosphere that supports earth by protecting 90-99% of the UV rays of the sun.
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United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
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Conference on the Environmental conditions of Earth held in Rio De Janiero, Brazil.
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United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
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Conference that is directed on the human environment.
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Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer
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Convention held to find ways to protect the Ozone Layer from thinning out.
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Organic theory
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Theory by Friedrich Ratzel stating a nation, whish is an aggregate of organisms (humans) would function and behave as an organism.
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Outputs
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Output is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exits a system and which activate/modify a process.
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Over Population
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organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. In common parlance, the term usually refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the earth.
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Over Urbanization
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An area with an extremely high density rate and polution cannot be controlled??????????????
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Ozone (layer)
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layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here.
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Pacific Rim
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The Pacific Rim refers to the countries and cities located around the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
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Population Pyramid
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is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which is normally shaped like a pyramid.
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Population Structure
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Graphic representation (profile)of a population according to age and sex.
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Possiblism
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Geographic viewpoint-a response to determinism-that holds that human decision making is the crucial factor in cultural development, not the enviroment.
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Postindustrial Phase
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Emerging economy, in the United States and a handful of other technologically advanced countries, as traditional industry is overshadowed by a higher-technology productive complex dominated by services and info-related and managerial activities.
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Postmodernism
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A movment in art, philosophy, and the social sciences that it is impossible to study reality objectively.
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Paddy
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a field, usually kept covered with shallow water, in which rice is grown, sometimes refers to the rice itself
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Paddy rice farming
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the act of growing rice in a field, usually kept covered with shallow water
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Pagan
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an offensive term that deliberately insults somebody's disbelief in religion, way of life, or degree of knowledge
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Palimpsest
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a manuscript written over a partly erased older manuscript in such a way that the old words can be read beneath the new
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Paleolithic period
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the early part of the Stone Age, when early human beings made chipped-stone tools, from 750,000 to 15,000 years ago
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Pandemic
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having widespread effect, existing in the form of a widespread epidemic that affects people in many different countries
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