Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
|
fractional scale
|
|
Which map projection is this?
|
Robinson
|
|
|
What are the advantages and disadvantages to a Robinson projection?
|
Pro- easily measure distance, correct size and shape for most landmasses, attempts to show a spherical Earth Con- distorted edges |
|
Which map projection is this?
|
Pro- shows direction Con- distorted poles |
|
|
Distortion is especially severe on what scale map?
|
small-scale maps
|
|
|
Pro and Con of Large Scale Map
|
+ large amount of detail - smaller amount of area |
|
|
Pro and Con of Small Scale Map
|
+large amount of area -smaller amount of detail |
|
|
GIS
|
Geographic Information System; a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes and displays geography data, combined in layers
|
|
|
GPS
|
Global Positioning System; technology that uses a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers to determine precise absolute locations on earth
|
|
|
Toponym
|
a place name
|
|
|
Site
|
identifies a place by unique physical characteristics
|
|
|
Situation
|
identifies a place by its location relative to other objects
|
|
|
Prime Meridian
|
designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal observatory in Greenwich, England
|
|
|
Parallel
|
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
|
|
|
Latitude
|
Lines run East and West
|
|
|
Longitude
|
Lines run North and South
|
|
|
Telling Time
|
every 15 degrees longitude going west loose one hour, going east gain one hour
|
|
|
Formal Region
|
an area within which everyone (or nearly everyone) shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics ex. Republican and Democratic states |
|
|
Functional Region
|
an area organized around a node or focal point ex. Delta hotspots |
|
|
Vernacular Region
|
an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity ex. The South |
|
|
Climate
|
long-term average weather condition at a particular location
|
|
|
Five Main Climate Regions
|
A; Tropical Climates B; Dry Climates C; Warm Mid-Latitude Climates D; Cold Mid-Latitude Climates E; Polar Climates |
|
|
Environmental Modification in the Netherlands
|
Polder
|
|
|
Polder |
a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area |
|
|
Environmental Modification in South Florida |
altering river and lake paths to prevent flooding |
|
|
Space
|
distribution of features
|
|
|
Density
|
the frequency of which something occurs
|
|
|
Arthmetic
|
the total number of objects in an area
|
|
|
Concentration
|
the extent of a feature's spread over space clustered or dispersed |
|
|
Pattern
|
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
The spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
|
|
|
Hearth
|
The origin of an idea, invention, or innovation
|
|
|
Relocation Diffusion
|
spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
|
|
|
Expansion Diffusion
|
spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process |
|
|
Hierarchical Diffusion
|
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
|
|
|
Contagious Diffusion
|
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
|
|
|
Environmental Determinism
|
Belief that geography is the study of how the physical environment dictates the social environment
|
|
|
Possibilism
|
Theory that humans have the ability to adjust to the environment and that the environment may limit human actions
|
|
|
East Asia Population
|
- nearly 1/4 of the world's population - includes China, Japan, Korean Peninsula - clustered near rivers |
|
|
South Asia Population |
- nearly 1/4 of the world's population - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka - largest concentration lives along a corridor from Lahore, Pakistan, through India and Bangladesh, to the Bay of Bengal - clustered along the plains of the Indus and Ganges rivers (also along India's two long coastlines |
|
|
Europe Population |
-includes four dozen countries - 3/4 of Europe live in cities - less than 10% are farmers - clustered along rivers, coalfields, and historic capital cities |
|
|
Dry Lands |
- too dry for farming - 20% of Earth's surface - some people survive there by raising livestock adapted to environment - contains most of the world's oil reserves |
|
|
Wet Lands |
- too high levels of precipitation for farming - located near equator |
|
|
Cold Lands |
- much of the land near the North and South poles - permafrost - few animals or humans can survive there |
|
|
High Lands |
- steep, snow capped, sparsely settled mountains - some high altitude plateaus and mountain regions are more densely populated where agriculture is possible at high elevations |
|
|
Arithmetic Population Density |
the total number of people divided by total land area |
|
|
Physiological Population Density |
the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land |
|
|
Agricultural Population Density |
the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
|
|
CBR |
Crude Birth Rate- total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
|
|
CDR |
Crude Death Rate- total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
|
|
NIR |
Natural Increase Rate- the percentage by which a population grows in a year -subtract CDR from CBR after converting each from numbers of 1,000 to percentages (numbers of 100) |
|
|
TFR |
Total Fertility Rate- the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly 15-49) |
|
|
Doubling Time |
the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase |
|
|
Mortality |
death |
|
|
IMR |
the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society |
|
|
Demographic Transition |
a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population |
|
|
Stage One of the Demographic Transition Model |
High fluctuating
- High CBR and CDR - Poor or no healthcare - Slow increase NIR - Hunting/ Gathering |
|
|
Stage Two of the Demographic Transition Model |
Early expansion
- High CBR - CDR falling rapidly - NIR rapidly increasing - improvements in medical care - Farming |
|
|
Stage Three of the Demographic Transition Model |
Late expansion - Falling CBR - More slowly falling CDR - NIR increase slows down - Improved medical care and diet - Children become a want more than need - Industrializing |
|
|
Stage Four of the Demographic Transition Model |
Low fluctuating - Low CBR - Low CDR - Stable of slowly decreasing NIR -Family planning, improved status of women, later marriages, good health care, reliable food supply - Post Industrialization |
|
|
Possible Stage Five of the Demographic Transition Model |
Declining Population - Very low CBR - Low CDR - Slow decreasing NIR - Same or improved conditions from Stage Four |
|
|
Country in Stage 1 of DTM |
None currently (a few very remote groups) |
|
|
Country in Stage 2 of DTM |
Egypt, Kenya, India |
|
|
Country in Stage 3 of DTM |
Brazil |
|
|
Country in Stage 4 of DTM |
US, Japan, France, UK |
|
|
Country possibly in Stage 5 of DTM |
Germany |
|
|
Population Pyramid |
A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population. |
|
|
What type of country would have a triangular shaped pyramid with a wide base and a narrowing top? What stage of the DTM would the country be in?
|
if the pyramid is extremely narrow after the age 20 group then it is stage 1 of a poor country. If it is slowly narrowing, and extremely narrow after around age 50 then it is a developing country in stage 2.
|
|
|
What type of country would have a square population pyramid? What stage of the DTM would that country be in?
|
A relatively wealthy country in stage 3. The shape represents long life expectancy, and that indicates at least stage 2. Then the equal base at the bottom means they are barely replacing the deaths, and therefore there is slow growth.
|
|
|
What type of country would have a pear shaped population pyramid? What stage of the DTM would that country be in?
|
A wealthy country and this would usually be in stage 3 because they just experienced a population explosion.
|
|
|
What does a cohort toward the right/male side of the population pyramid tell you about the country? What does it mean if it is toward the left/ female side?
|
This means that the country experienced a war and lost many men (1) or women (2). The stage is irrelevant because wars can happen in any stage. A war it stage 1/2 would be devastating to the country and could cause a recession of the country back into stage 1.
|
|
|
What type of country would have a rectangle in the middle of the population pyramid and the top and bottom of the population pyramid being relatively smaller? What stage of the DTM is this country in?
|
A country that just went through a population explosion, and these countries are more developed countries. This country is in stage 3/4 of the DTM since it has such a large middle.
|
|
|
What type of country would have an upside down population pyramid with the top being wide and the bottom being narrow? What stage of the DTM is this country in?
|
This would be an elderly population and this country would be in stage 5 of the DTM.
|
|
|
Neo-Malthusian Theory |
people who believe in a set of doctrines derived from Thomas Malthus's theory that limited resources keep populations in check and reduce economic growth
|
|
|
Malthus Theory |
"Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio" |
|
|
Stage One of ETM |
Stage of pestilence and famine (black plague)
|
|
|
Stage Two of ETM |
Stage of receding pandemics (cholera)
|
|
|
Stage Three of ETM |
Stage of degenerative and human-generated diseases (heart attacks)
|
|
|
Stage Four of ETM |
Stage of delayed degenerative disease (lung cancer)
|
|
|
Stage Five of ETM |
Stage of reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases
|
|
|
Epidemiologic Transition Model |
the theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.
|
|
|
Push Factor |
A feature that induces people to move out of a current location
|
|
|
Pull Factor |
A feature that induces people to move to a certain location
|
|
|
Folk Culture origin |
anonymous hearths |
|
|
Popular Culture origin |
often product of developed countries traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular area |
|
|
Two elements of culture |
Daily Necessities Leisure Activities |
|
|
Leisure activity |
arts and recreation
|
|
|
Daily Necessities |
Food, clothing, and shelter |
|
|
Relocation Diffusion of Folk Culture |
transmitted from one location to another more slowly and on a smaller scale |
|
|
Hierarchical Diffusion of Popular Culture |
diffuses rapidly and extensively from hearths or nodes of innovation with the help of modern communications |
|
|
Origin of Soccer: Folk |
English excavators discovered a danish soldier's head and invented the game "Kick the Dane's head" which was imitated by boys. They latter used inflated cow bladders instead of Danish heads King Henry banned the game until 1603 |
|
|
Origin of Soccer: Popular |
Recreation clubs formed in England during the 1800's as a leisure activity Increased leisure time expanded leagues Official game emerged and diffused in late 1800's |
|
|
What promotes cultural diversity? |
Isolation |
|
|
Himalayan Art and it's influence on Physical Environment |
shows how folk customs are influenced by cultural institutions, such as religion and by environmental processes such as climate, land forms, and vegetation |
|
|
Folk Food Customs |
Inhabitants of a region must consider the soil, climate, terrain, vegetation, and other characteristics of the environment in deciding to produce particular foods |
|
|
Terroir |
the contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes |
|
|
Taboo |
a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom |
|
|
Jewish Taboo |
against consuming animals that don't chew their cud, fish lacking scales or fins, animals with cloven foot, etc. |
|
|
Muslim Taboo |
against consuming pork |
|
|
Hindu Taboo |
against consuming cattle |
|
|
Folk Housing Construction |
pitched roof (cold or wet climates)
windows facing south or smaller (hot climates) |
|
|
Two most common building materials |
Wood Brick |
|
|
The distinctive form of folk houses may derive from ____________ and other customary beliefs rather than environmental factors |
religious values |
|
|
The three hearths of housing in the US |
Middle Atlantic Lower Chesapeake/Tidewater New England |
|
|
Middle Atlantic homes |
"I" house two full stories in height one room deep two rooms wide |
|
|
Lower Chesapeake/Tidewater homes |
one story steep roof and chimneys at either end raised on piers or on brick foundation |
|
|
New England homes |
box shaped central hall |
|
|
_______ show the influence of shapes, materials, detailing, and other features of architectural style in vogue at any one point in time |
Houses |
|
|
Contemporary Houses |
Popular between 50s-70s for architect designed homes. Typically had flat/low pitched roofs
|
|
|
Split Level Houses |
Popular in the late 50s through 70s. Lower level typically contained garage and "family room". Kitchen and formal living & dining rooms on the intermediate level. Bedrooms on top level above family room/garage.
|
|
|
Ranch Houses |
1950s-60s. 1 story with the long side parallel to the street. All rooms on 1 level. Takes up a larger lot and encourages sprawl
|
|
|
How does the distribution of alcohol consumption demonstrate popular culture characteristics? |
Rapid diffusion, closely related to level of income, little regard for physical environment
|
|
|
What important factors determine alcohol and snack consumption?
|
Income, availability, beliefs |
|
|
The world's most important electronic media format is |
Television |
|
|
What is the principle obstacle of popular culture? |
lack of access to electronic media |
|
|
Rate of diffusion of Internet in comparison to that of TV |
diffusion of internet followed tv, but diffused at a much faster pace |
|
|
How long did the diffusion of internet take? |
one decade |
|
|
Three dominate TV countries |
Japan, UK, US |
|
|
Reasons some cultures restrict access to TV |
- attractive themes conflict with the drive out traditional folk culture - want to avoid offensive content - want to substitute programs with emphasis on family values and avoid controversial or edgy cultural, economic, and political content |
|
|
How do most broadcasters and newspapers afford to run? |
They buy the right to use the dispatches of one or more of the main news organizations |
|
|
What are the four types of internet content? |
Political content Social content Security content Internet Tools |
|
|
Challenge of Folk Culture |
maintain unique local landscapes in an age of globalization |
|
|
Challenge of Popular Culture |
the sustainability of practices designed to promote uniform landscapes |
|
|
Rapid changes in long-established cultural values can lead to ______, and even _______ in a society |
instability violence |
|
|
The diffusion of some popular customs can adversely impact environment quality in two ways: |
pollution of the landscape Depletion of scarce natural resources |
|
|
Marriage dowries in India reflect... |
that some families value male children more |
|
|
True or False: The highest concentration of gold courses within the US is in the Sunbelt |
False |
|
|
True or False: Although folk cultures have the same process of origin as popular culture, they have a more limited process of diffusion |
False |
