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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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map |
a two-dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it |
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place |
a specific point of Earth distinguished by a particular character |
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region |
an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features |
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scale |
the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
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space |
refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects |
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connections |
relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
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cartography |
the science of map-making |
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projection |
the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map |
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Land Ordinance of 1785 |
a law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers |
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township |
a square 6 miles on each side |
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principal meridians |
some of the north-south lines separating townships |
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base lines |
some east-west lines |
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section |
a square normally 1 mile on a side |
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GIS (geographic information system) |
a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze and display geographic data |
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remote sensing |
the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods |
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GPS (global positioning system) |
a system that determines accurately the precise position of something on Earth |
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location |
the position that something occupies on Earth's surface |
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toponym |
the name given to a place on Earth |
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site |
the physical character of a place |
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situation |
the location of a place relative to other places |
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meridian |
an arc drawn between the North and South poles |
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parallel |
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
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longitude |
the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian |
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prime meridian |
the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0 degrees longitude |
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latitude |
the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel |
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Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) |
the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude |
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International Date Line |
an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas |
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cultural landscape |
a combination of cultural features, economic features, and physical features |
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regional studies |
contemporary cultural landscape approach in geography |
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formal region |
an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
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functional region |
an area organized around a node or focal point |
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vernacular region |
a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity |
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mental map |
an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface |
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culture |
the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people |
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cultural ecology |
the geographic study of human-environment relationships |
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environmental determinism |
an approach on how the physical environment caused social development |
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possibilism |
the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
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resources |
substances that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use |
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polder |
a piece of land that is created by draining water from any area |
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globalization |
a force of process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope |
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distribution |
the arrangement of a feature in space |
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density |
the frequency with which something occurs in space |
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arithmetic density |
arithmetic densitythe total number of objects in an area |
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physiological density |
the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture |
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agricultural density |
the number of farmers per unit of farmland |
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concentration |
the extent of a feature's spread over space |
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pattern |
the geometric arrangement of objects in space |
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space-time compression |
a term applied by geographers to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place |
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distance decay |
the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearence of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
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diffusion |
the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time |
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hearth |
the place from which an innovation originates |
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relocation diffusion |
the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
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expansion diffusion |
the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process |
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hierarchical diffusion |
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
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contagious diffusion |
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population |
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stimulus diffusion |
the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse |
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uneven development |
the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy |
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transnational corporation |
conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries |
