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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Population Density

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.

Arithmetic Population Density

 The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

Physiological Population Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Population Distribution

Description of locations on the Earth’s surface where populations live.

Description of locations on the Earth’s surface where populations live.

Megalopolis

Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an up- percase “M” to refer to the Boston—Washington multimetropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard ...

Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an up- percase “M” to refer to the Boston—Washington multimetropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard of the United States, but now used generically with a lower-case “m” as a synonym for conurbation.

Census

A periodic and official count of a country’s population.

A periodic and official count of a country’s population.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to awoman during her childbearing years.

The average number of children born to awoman during her childbearing years.

Old-age Dependency Rate

The number of people 65 years of age for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64.

The number of people 65 years of age for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64.

Child Dependency Ratio

The number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64.

The number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64.

Doubling Time

The time required for a population to double in size.

The time required for a population to double in size.

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

Zero Population Growth

a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births.

a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births.

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.

The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.

The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.

Natural Increase

Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.

Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.

Demographic Transition

Multistage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries under- going industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population...

Multistage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries under- going industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.

Stationary Population Level

The level at which a national populationceases to grow.

The level at which a national populationceases to grow.

Population Composition

Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education

Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education

Population Pyramids

Visual representations of the age and sex composi- tion of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total popul...

Visual representations of the age and sex composi- tion of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are represented to the left of the center line of each horizontal bar; the females in each age group are represented to the right of the center line.

Infant Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.

A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.

Child Mortality Rate

A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.

A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.

Life Expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.

Infectious Disease

Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or para- sites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human.

Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or para- sites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human.

Chronic or degenerative diseases

Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies.

Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies.

Genetic or inherited dieases

Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.

Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.

Expansive Population Policies

Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth 

Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth

Eugenic Population Policies

Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.

Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.

Restrictive Population Policies

Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase.

Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase.

Refugee Camps

Temporary settlements set up to accommodate people who flee their homelands in the face of civil unrest, oppression, or warfare

Temporary settlements set up to accommodate people who flee their homelands in the face of civil unrest, oppression, or warfare

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.

Cyclic Movement

Movement—for example, nomadic migration—that hasa closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally.

Movement—for example, nomadic migration—that hasa closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally.

Periodic Movement

Movement—for example, college attendence or mili- tary service—that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

Movement—for example, college attendence or mili- tary service—that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

Actvivity Spaces

The space within which daily activity occurs.

The space within which daily activity occurs.

Nomadism

Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement.

Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement.

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

International Migration

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

Internal Migration

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States.

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move.

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move.

Human Trafficking

A form of forced migration in which organized criminal elements move people illegally from one place to another, typically either to work as involuntary laborers or to participate in the commercial sex trade.

A form of forced migration in which organized criminal elements move people illegally from one place to another, typically either to work as involuntary laborers or to participate in the commercial sex trade.

Laws of Migration

Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants.

Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants.

Gravity Model

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them.

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them.

Push Factor

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.

Distance Decay

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greaterthe distance the less interaction.

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greaterthe distance the less interaction.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city.

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city.

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

Deportation

The act of a government sending a migrant out of its country and back to the migrant’s home country

The act of a government sending a migrant out of its country and back to the migrant’s home country

Chain Migration

Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate...

Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there).

Immigration Wave

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.

Colonization

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land.

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land.

Guest Worker

Legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.

Legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.

Regional Scale

Interactions occurring within a region, in a regional setting.

Interactions occurring within a region, in a regional setting.

Islands Of Devolpment

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.

Refugees

People who have fled their country because of political persecu- tion and seek asylum in another country.

People who have fled their country because of political persecu- tion and seek asylum in another country.

Internal Displaced Persons

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee.

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee.

Asylum

Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state.

Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state.

Repatriation

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

Immigration Laws

Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically tocontrol immigration into that state.

Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically tocontrol immigration into that state.

Selective immigration

Process to control immigration in which indi- viduals with certain backgrounds (i.e. criminal records, poor health, or sub- versive activities) are barred from immigrating.

Process to control immigration in which indi- viduals with certain backgrounds (i.e. criminal records, poor health, or sub- versive activities) are barred from immigrating.

Emigration

A person migrating away from a country or area; an out-migrant.

A person migrating away from a country or area; an out-migrant.

Immigration

That act of a person migrating into a new country or area.

That act of a person migrating into a new country or area.

Kinship links

Connections to family members that will likely encourage migration.

Connections to family members that will likely encourage migration.

Migration

A change in residence intended to be permanent.

A change in residence intended to be permanent.

Genocide

Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.

Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.