Ap Human Geography- Agriculture Unit

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Arable land

Back 1

Capable of being ploughs and used to grow crops

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Agribusiness

Back 2

Agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology and

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Aquaculture

Back 3

The farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusk, and aquatic plants

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Biotechnology

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The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, living organisms or to make or modify products or processes for specific use

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Commercial agriculture

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The producer is farming with intent to sell some or even all of their production

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Commodity chains

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A process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally distribute them to consumers

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Deforestation

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The clearing of earths forests on a massive scale often resulting in damage to the quality of the land

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Desertification

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A type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, it typically is losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife

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Debt for nature swap

Back 9

Financial trans actions in which a portion of a developing nations foreign debt is forgiven and exchanged for local investments and environmental conservation measures

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Chemical farming

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Also known as conventional farming or industrial agriculture, this refers to a method of farming in which the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and genetically modified organisms

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Economy of scale

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The cost is advantages that Enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing live increasing say scale as fixed costs are spread out over more units of output

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Fertilizer

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Any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants

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Pastoralism

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The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock

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Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

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Organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and or natural recombination

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Horticulture

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The science and art of producing, improving, marketing and using fruits vegetables flowers and ornamental plants; it is both science and aesthetics

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Local food movement

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A movement which aims to connect food producers and consumers in the same geographic region; in order to develop more self-reliant food network's, improve local economies, or for health environmental, community or social impact in a particular place

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Luxury crop

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Crops that are not essential to human survival and are sold at a high price

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Mediterranean agriculture

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Agro-ecological strategy, an adjustment to particular climate conditions in Mediterranean zones such as mild, humid winters with no or very little frost and a warm dry summer

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Monoculture

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Agricultural practice of producing a single crop in a field or farming system at a time

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Organic agriculture

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Agricultural production systems that do not use genetically modified seeds, synthetic pesticides, or fertilizers

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Primogeniture

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The right of succession belonging to the firstborn child

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Subsistence agriculture

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where the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families

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Extensive agriculture

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And agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land being farmed

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Intensive farming

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An agriculture intensification and mechanization system that aims to maximize yields from available land through various means such as heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers

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Sustainability

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The production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming technics that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal where welfare

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Tragedy of the commons

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To denote a situation where individuals acting independently and rationally according to each other's self interest behave contrary to the best interest of the whole by depleting some common resource

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Transhumance

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The action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle typically to low lands in winter and the high lands in summer

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Truck farm

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Horticultural practice of growing one or more vegetable crops on a large scale for shipment to distant markets; it is usually less intensive and diversified then market gardening